I had no involvement in this, but Sun caused some huge split in their userbase with the switch to SysV Solaris. I had an ISP that never switched off SunOS 4 until they went out of business.
I've always wondered how much *BSD love is SunOS Lost Causeism. I think maybe most younger people (@ my old age) just never really got it.
Sometimes I feel like I'm the only person in the world who has any affection for SVR4 and its derivatives. Everyone seems to hate it, despite it resulting partially in Solaris, XENIX, the universally despised SCO and Unixware, NCR UNIX etc. It ultimately ended up being a huge influence on Linux, which started life as a Minix clone and eventually added more and more interfaces from SVR4 (eg. iBCS2, SysV IPC) as it grew. SVR4 even had a half-decent packaging system for its time as well.
I suppose everybody feels like too much other core "UNIX" stuff came from BSD - vi, TCP/IP etc. Plus the SVR4 vendors typically insisted that you pay separately for C/C++ compilers etc...
Something to keep in mind is that SVR4 is the ATT/Sun joint venture. It was SysV with all those BSD-isms included. Solaris was essentially the reference implementation.
Older SysV and SysIII derivatives were a total crapshoot. Depending on vendor, you could have or not have any number of important things: sockets, tcp/ip, nfs, the list goes on.
SVR4 finally started to heal the rift between ATT and BSD systems. It made Unix applications radically more portable.
> Solaris was essentially the reference implementation.
Interesting, I always thought that AT&T SVR4 was the reference implementation, and that Solaris was the Sun hybrid that was basically AT&T SVR4 with the BSD compatibility added to support legacy SunOS applications.
Yes I was aware that both AIX and HP-UX were originally SVR3 based, and my experience with both of those showed that they were very inconsistent with each other (eg. AIX 4.1 through 4.3, vs HP-UX 10.0, 11 etc).
> SVR4 finally started to heal the rift between ATT and BSD systems. It made Unix applications radically more portable.
Agree and this is one of the reasons that I liked it - it feels like an earlier attempt at creating a "standard" much as Linux is considered today, albeit a fairly closed source one by modern considerations. Of course I wasn't there at the time, but my first UNIX experiences as a teenager were on XENIX, so that probably coloured my perception somewhat.
That is correct. When I was working on one of the early SMP UNIX flavors at Encore, the SVR4 code we used as a base was from AT&T. The only thing we got from Sun was NFS source - for which they'd accept patches, and apply them to their own version of NFS, but then ship the next version back to us with our own changes stripped back out. Such a lovely bunch of people.
Sure, but there seems to be somewhat of a gap between AT&T SVR4 release date (1989)[1] and the release of Solaris 2.0 (1992) [2], which was the first SVR4 based version - Solaris 1.0 was merely re-branded SunOS 4.x.
SVR4.2 was not released until 1992 however[1].
Solaris may have been the SVR4 "reference platform" for SPARC hardware, but the other official hardware platform at release was the mainstream x86, which Solaris did not support until 2.1 in 1993.
Also I have a bunch of SVR4 install floppy images here, and for some reason I don't believe it installs TCP/IP support by default. I should go back and check now.
> Solaris was essentially the reference implementation.
That is simply not true. Most of Sun's competitors at the time used an AT&T base augmented with STREAMS-based TCP/IP from Lachman or similar. I worked on one such. My colleagues at Sequent, Pyramid, Masscomp, etc. were all in essentially the same boat. NFS was the only commonly-included piece from Sun.
The early versions of Solaris — 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 — were basically alpha quality software inflicted on users as if in vengeance for some unknown crime against the vendor.
SunOS 4 was old and crusty but it wasn’t shithouse buggy, and some folks were very reluctant to migrate even after Solaris got a lot better.
I remember the early Solaris 2.x era. Seriously, nobody wanted to run it. We all ran SunOS 4.1 on our SparcStations. Personally I didn't consider Solaris 2 "usable" until 2.5.
The loss of Solaris is a tremendous tragedy to the technology world. I once welcomed it's demise. But the lack of any and all competing platforms for Linux has lead Linux down a not entirely happy road
There is nothing comparable with an open and a closed monoculture though.
And can we even talk of GNU/Linux monoculture when you've got a few working distros - e.g. Void, Alpine - with non-GNU userland, or distros with completely different userspace models - try to compare Ubuntu, Gentoo, Nix, GoboLinux, etc.
Do you have init (systemd-init, sysvinit, openrc), network management (systemd-networkd, NetworkManager, connman), dhcp (systemd-networkd dhcpcd, etc), audio (pulseaudio, pipewire, raw alsa + dmix, etc), graphics (X11, wayland), desktop shell (gnome, KDE Plasma, XFCE, i3) debate in the windows world ? No because except for the last you cannot ever change how it is done yourself on windows, while on the "GNU/Linux" ecosystem everyone is free to come with its own better idea for $SYSTEMCOMPONENT and put it in the open marketplace of competing ideas.
OS X was never a great Unix (other than paying to get the official trademark that one time), and it’s becoming even less of a Unix over time.
FreeBSD is OK, but very lacking in manpower. Every time I install a desktop package these days, I see multiple warnings about how this or that dependency has no maintainer.
With so much attention these days on Docker and other halfway measures involving namespaces, it’s not really Unix that’s the platform anymore. Linux is the platform for a variety of network and desktop applications.
A few of the early startups I worked for were all Solaris shops (mid 90's to early 2000's.) I kind of miss it. I still have an Ultra box at home, but haven't turned it on in over 10 years.
Yep, old news 2017. But everybody seems to kinda see about the same thing. Although I'd say it really died when Oracle bought what was left of Sun. And so then died java (meh), and everything else, btw.
Kinda sad, I think Sun was a fairly innocent victim of the dot-com bubble bust.
So fck larry fcking ellison, and I hope the horse he rode in on throws him and then kicks him square in the nuts (I have nothing against the horse).
"As you know people, as you learn about things, you realize that these generalizations we have are, virtually to a generalization, false. Well, except for this one, as it turns out. What you think of Oracle, is even truer than you think it is. There has been no entity in human history with less complexity or nuance to it than Oracle. And I gotta say, as someone who has seen that complexity for my entire life, it's very hard to get used to that idea. It's like, 'surely this is more complicated!' but it's like: Wow, this is really simple!"
"This company is very straightforward, in its defense. This company is about one man, his alter-ego, and what he wants to inflict upon humanity -- that's it! ...Ship mediocrity, inflict misery, lie our asses off, screw our customers, and make a whole shitload of money. Yeah... you talk to Oracle, it's like, 'no, we don't fucking make dreams happen -- we make money!'"
"You need to think of Larry Ellison the way you think of a lawnmower. You don't anthropomorphize your lawnmower, the lawnmower just mows the lawn, you stick your hand in there and it'll chop it off, the end. You don't think 'oh, the lawnmower hates me' -- lawnmower doesn't give a shit about you, lawnmower can't hate you. Don't anthropomorphize the lawnmower. Don't fall into that trap about Oracle."
Oracle is well known for arbitrary and complex licensing that have the effect of locking customers to Oracle under threats of audits.
Recently it has taken to pushing customers via licensing changes on to its own Cloud environment. Its incumbency in F100 companies ensures a vendor lockin that is only slowly deteriorating.
Oracle's record of acquisition and product EOL is also well known. It's responsible for the fork of Hudson to Jenkins, the collapse of Solaris, the API court case with Google (attempting to use copyright on API definitions to stop new implementations), the fork of MySQL to MariaDB, etc etc
I hate that VirtualBox is owned by Oracle (Innotek GmbH was acquired by Sun Microsystems in 2008).
I have used VirtualBox for a decade for my VM on Ubuntu - it just worked better than VMWare for me (I recently bought a VMWare licence, but went back to VBox).
Ages ago I even tried to pay Oracle for it, since they documented that they wanted USD50 per seat, but when I emailed them they had no way to accept the money!
Oracle strikes me as a deeply disfunctional organisation.
> Oracle strikes me as a deeply disfunctional organisation.
Sure, they're deeply dysfunctional, but all big corps are pretty dysfunctional about money.
I was working for a company purchased by a Fortune 500, and had a bill from a company purchased by Oracle. Between their Accounts Receivable, and our Accounts Payable, once it took about 3 months to pay the quarterly bill. Only some of the dysfunction was Oracle's fault. :P
>I have used VirtualBox for a decade for my VM on Ubuntu
As a long-time VBox user myself, a neat thing I figured out almost by accident the other day: you can port VBox images to QEMU/KVM trivially on Ubuntu (and then use Virtual Machine Manager for the VBox-like graphical front-end).
Just unarchive the OVF file from VBox, then use QEMU to convert the resulting VMDK file to your format of choice (such as qcow2). Import your new disk image into VMM and done!
Be careful if you are using their extensions package in a non personal setting, they changed the license so you can still download the package for free but they can charge you after the fact.
- he'd happier destroy 10 or 100 million man-hours of good effort for a couple hundred-K of sales. see Solaris.
- trying to assert IP rights on an API. see java lawsuit.
- uses vendor lock-in to sell an inferior product that a better replacement is free (like postresql, mysql, etc.)
Oh yes, I think Oracle is evil, in a way worse than the worst years of M$. And larry ... is clearly the responsible party.
In my ethos, good capitalism is good itself and for everyone. Wise leaders play for the "long game" and this benefits them, their shareholders, and everyone else. This was the pattern of Sun. In particular Sun, even in the years when the UNIX wars were not very nice. larry (and bill) are simply diseased vultures who trade short term personal gain for mass global loss. Someday, while old larry will be fine, his shareholders will have nothing but a bag of sh*t.
How do you figure? The OpenJDK project maintains the language specifications, and reference libraries, and even a JVM.
Oracle is now, just another JVM vendor that takes OpenJDK and compiles it for convenience and/or a support contract - if that's your cup of tea... along with Azul Systems, Red Hat, IBM, AdoptOpenJDK, Amazon, SAP, and more. Some of these vendors also offer proprietary JVM's that claim to focus on some particular problem or offer specific features above-and-beyond reference JVM's.
But... for all, OpenJDK project is the standards body - and is not controlled by Oracle.
Not, however, if you call it "Java" (tm). Furthermore, explain the lawsuit where it was won, lost, won again, buried in peat for 3 months, and then pending again?
It isn't very open if you get sued for implementing a compatible API.
Microsoft was sued by Sun for J++ J# using the Java API, Microsoft then made C# to replace it. Dotnet is Microsoft's version of Java that they wrote to eventually cross platform like Java in Dotnet Core.
> It isn't very open if you get sued for implementing a compatible API.
Google was sued for Android's use of a copy of a specific implementation - not for implementing something compatible. Specifically - Android made use of a copy of parts of an Oracle/Sun implementation of Java, instead of writing their own or using OpenJDK (which wasn't mature at the time of the alleged offense).
This was all back from a time where Sun owned Java outright, and offered licensed use. Times are quite different now for the Java ecosystem.
> Not, however, if you call it "Java" (tm).
No, you cannot make a new programming language and call it Java. I think you'll find similar trademark protections on any language.
You also couldn't make a new JVM and call it "HotSpot", because Oracle owns that trademark too - but you can call your custom JVM anything else you want. So long as it followed the OpenJDK specifications, it would be compatible with Java bytecode and run Java programs just fine.
My professor served as Google's expert witness to explain to a jury what the extent of the alleged duplicated code was. Only a handful of methods had identical implementations - things like toString() or binary search, and Google argued it was because they'd hired the original programmer, who implemented it the same way twice independently.
make no mistake: the case was about whether an API can be copywrited, or whether it's public information like a phone book. as far as I know, Google's implementation was independent.
> Google was sued for Android's use of a copy of a specific implementation
Nope, they were sued (and prevailed [1]) because of them re-implementing Java APIs. The 'copy of a specific implementation' rhetoric concerned a 9-line snippet [2] which was laughed out of court by Alsup. Here's the contested piece of code:
private static void rangeCheck(int arrayLen, int fromIndex, int toIndex {
if (fromIndex > toIndex)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("fromIndex(" + fromIndex +
") > toIndex(" + toIndex+")");
if (fromIndex < 0)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(fromIndex);
if (toIndex > arrayLen)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(toIndex);
}
Here's Alsup's reaction to the claim [3 (look through the thread for a quote or find Groklaw on archive.org)]:
Judge: We heard the testimony of Mr. Bloch. I couldn't have told you the first thing about Java before this problem. I have done, and still do, a significant amount of programming in other languages. I've written blocks of code like rangeCheck a hundred times before. I could do it, you could do it. The idea that someone would copy that when they could do it themselves just as fast, it was an accident. There's no way you could say that was speeding them along to the marketplace. You're one of the best lawyers in America, how could you even make that kind of argument?
The case has been documented ad infinitum et delirium, look it up.
If the lawsuit was legit for Microsoft's J++, it is also legit for Android Java.
A cherry picked Java 8 flavor, with partial support for Java standard library, incomplete mapping of JVM bytecodes into DEX bytecodes (required for some Java 8+ features), that forces Java library authors to either constrain themselves to such Android Java flavor, or provide two implementations of their libraries.
Nowadays I call Android Java as Android J++, as homage to Google succeeding where Microsoft failed.
A subset of Java with partial support for the standard library is the the lingua franca of Android, forcing a fork on the Java community for any library author that wants to target standard Java and Android Java.
Sun and SGI both died not because of the dot-com bubble bursting, they died because commodity PCs became competitive with their extremely overpriced offerings, then GNU/Linux enabled the PCs to do all the UNIXy things too.
They should have seen the writing on the wall and done something to differentiate themselves meaningfully before the PC wave washed over them. They failed to do so, and could barely afford to keep the lights on at the scale they operated afterwards.
Well the other thing was that the surplus market for 6 month old machines undercut their sales.
It's true that PC's (amd64) became capable workstations around the same time, or shortly after. And that didn't help.
But for the time, the RISC UNIX Workstation was NOT overpriced. If you compare your $1500 core-i7 machine of today to a $30,000 RISC machine of 2001, the later would seem overpriced. But not at all if compared to the $1500 Dell of 2001 running Windows NT 4.0. Remember, things changed very rapidly. And the dot-com burst before Linux and amd64 really happened.
In a way, both Linux and x86/amd64 have turned the PC into the UNIX workstation of the 90's and 2000's. And with ONE dominant, excellent, kinda-sorta SVR4 OS too (Linux).
I was working as a sysadmin at hosting companies running thousands of 32-bit x86 Linux boxes, while the dot-com boom was still ongoing.
We didn't give Sun a single penny in what would have been fertile land for their machines, if not for GNU/Linux and dirt-cheap powerful PCs.
One of the places I worked shared a building with a legacy hosting provider that had nothing but racks of Sun hardware. I had applied to work there first, with nothing but self-taught GNU/Linux knowledge and they laughed me out the door for not knowing anything about "real UNIX". Then I ended up getting a job just one floor below them at younger hosting company, 100% GNU/Linux, and we ate their lunch. It was a microcosm of what was going on everywhere, Sun was doomed.
But they were correct: if you knew UNIX®️, you automatically groked GNU/Linux (and could see all its deficiencies, as it's a toy), but the other way around does not hold: the gaps in architectural and standards specifications knowledge and concepts are gargantuan (I painfully see that every day at work and must teach to ameliorate the situation where I can, as best I can). You mistake cheap, unreliable PC hardware and too late open sourcing with technical inferiority, where there was none. The truth is that garbage PC hardware and ubiquity of Linux ISO's caused a flood of kids who overnight became "system administrators", which along the 1.95 trillion USD being wiped out caused the market to crash. It's not as trivial as you make it out to be. It also takes far, far more professional, formal education, experience and insight to really be root than just being able to install Linux from an ISO and input a few trivial commands in "bash".
Old school Unix people have been gatekeeping Unix since the 90s at least. Some still resent having a Unix that is available to anyone and runs on home computers.
>Old school Unix people have been gatekeeping Unix since the 90s at least.
Well not all of us, but being a sysadmin excited about Unix/Linux on commodity hardware didn't mean much if your boss thought the OS, the hardware or both weren't ready for production workloads.
I showed my boss two floppy Slackware and he dismissed it as not relevant. Years later we were having the same arguments about Solaris on Intel which weren't helped by Sun's on again off again Intel support. My point is sometimes it was the IT management gatekeeping.
This comment demonstrates why solaris lost: If you can buy multiple cheap, unreliable PCs for the price of 1 sun server, you still win. If you can employ a bunch of cheap kids, why would you want to get the far more professional guy? The theoretical answer is better quality. But in practice, the speed of adaptation of the new kids fixes that mostly, especially when you are competing against big arrogant, slow moving enterprice stuff. Worst case, you get 99% uptime instead of 99.5, and you pay a lot less.v Well, the market had spoken.
Because in the long term, a bunch of cheap kids who aren't doing system engineering, hacking away on cheap unreliable consumer-grade architecture cost far more than two or three system engineers writing specifications and designing software architecture for hardware designed to protect the integrity of one's data...
And yet here we are, where giant companies full of people with amazing formal educations are being powered by cheap unreliable consumer-grade architectures built on top of unreliable consumer-grade hardware.
It turns out, evolution doesn't optimize for architectural beauty. Maybe there was a dinosaur out there with an amazing, lean, clean body structure, yet here I am, happily carrying around my appendix ;) Evolution is ruthless.
This was a shallow dismissal even in the first dotcom boom. Nowadays, when it's in half of phones, most consumer smart appliances, literally every internet company, and even cars, it's just wrong. Linux is the default work tool whether you like it or not.
Back in 2001 we had a build farm for Zeus Webserver that targeted something like 20 different versions of commercial UNIX. All of them are now effectively dead, including some spectacular failures like HP-UX on Itanium.
> flood of kids who overnight became "system administrators", which along the 1.95 trillion USD being wiped out caused the market to crash
No, this is just revisionism. There are very few companies that could have become a success if it was just for having a more expensive server and sysadmin from Sun. At best you might have prevented them from forming at all, along with a bunch of others who did go on to succeed.
The cheap commodity hardware is better for the business because you can get results that are as good or almost as good for far lower costs.
Worse for you, we are starting to obliterate "root" as a concept. There are vast swathes of machines, physical and virtual, where no human has ever logged in as root at all.
"Nowadays, when it's in half of phones, most consumer smart appliances, literally every internet company, and even cars, it's just wrong. Linux is the default work tool whether you like it or not."
Yeah, that's precisely the reason why my TV is so slow and why I have to press buttons on the remote twice or thrice because Linux on ARM is losing events. A toy operating system not fit for production. Linux never evolved into something more mature, and considering what kind of people work on it, never will. They aren't engineers, they're amateurs and it shows. Luckily illumos continues to develop so I can run a real operating system which doesn't have such performance problems... in production.
Solaris was never suitable for embedded devices. Illumos won't even run on ARM. Linux's strength is its versatility: from small embedded systems to big iron.
No, the remote does not need new batteries; Linux is slow.
There is an unfinished port of illumos to ARM.
Solaris was traditionally used for embedded applications (such as flight control systems in airplanes) and it is ideal for embedded applications because it has miniscule memory and processor requirements.
Linux is not slow. I wrote a device driver that ran on Linux ARM and was capable of handling thousands of external events per second. This was over 10 years ago when ARM systems were much, much slower than they are today. If your TV is slow, it's not because of the Linux kernel. Bad apps run on every operating system.
Solaris may have been used for embedded applications, but was never "ideal" for them. We called it "Slowaris" in the 90's for a reason. Those 3 to 5 minute boot times really got to you...
> professional, formal education, experience and insight
As somebody with formal education and experience, I _want_ that to be true, because I want to be hard to find, hard to replace, and really expensive… but just me wanting something to be true unfortunately doesn’t always make it true.
Must be sarcasm. In the 90's, I was a sysadmin for almost every Unix/Linux under the sun: SunOS 4.x, Solaris 2.x, HPUX, IRIX, Digital Unix, AIX, FreeBSD, various Linux distros. Yes, some of the early "distros" were primitive but by the end of the 90's the writing was on the wall... commercial Unix was dead.
"Unreliable" PC hardware is a myth. It was once true, in the early 90's. Today, even low end x86 are rock solid and last for years, running trouble free.
No, they were already way overpriced. The Unix workstations were nice, and had good tools. But you could buy dual cpu intel machines of very roughly equivalent performance (excepting some specific tasks) for about 1/4 the cost (or less), and put Linux or BSD on them.
The writing was on the wall you at least 97 , and the Unix vendors looked at it and just kept doing the same thing. They were already dead, but the dot.com collapse finished them a little faster I suppose.
For reference, I purchased a Micron system with a dual Pentium Pro slot W6-Li motherboard (but -- and this is crucial -- only one 180MHz PPro chip), SCSI internals, 64MB of RAM and a CD writer, for $5200. This was in 1996.
If I recall correctly, adding the second PPro 180MHz chip added around $2k to the price. Call it $7-8k all in.
The 200MHz PPro had a SPECInt92 value of 366[0]. You can find a list of other SPECInt92 values here[1]. So it was, indeed, faster than many systems, but not the fastest. Value for money? Yeah, it had it.
There were x86 versions of SVR4 UNIX available commercially, so it's quite plausible that you could do an apples-to-apples comparison. I'm sure one is out there, but I don't have the time to find one.
It's worth noting that in 1994, Eric S. Raymond discontinued his "PC-clone UNIX buyers guide" because he had switched to Linux, and didn't think that UNIX had a future. [2]
I think it's still fair to say that the dedicated UNIX workstations had a certain panache that made "real" engineers want them, badly.
Everything is correct but the excellent part: Linux is badly architecturally broken and hacked together under the hood. Backwards-compatibility guarantees (as one would get in writing with Solaris) are non-existent, hit or miss. Solaris features like zones are very poorly partially implemented as resource controls (cgroups), but not really; lots of GNU/Linux distributions are still on filesystems like ext or XFS which are built on obsolete data management concepts from 35 years ago; there are many competing provisioning technologies (Kubernetes, Docker, Terraform, ...) but none of them fully cooked. Fault Management Architecture is something which doesn't exist in GNU/Linux; NFS implementation still isn't finished after 20 years and it's still broken and non-standards compliant; fiberchannel and TCP/IP stacks in Linux are buggy as hell. The list could go on and on; I could literally write and publish a book on it, were that not such a waste of my life.
Well, illumos is faster than Linux on the same hardware now, as starting in 2004, every situation where Linux was faster was treated as a priority 1 bug. Yes, a bug.
No sorry, but that's incorrect. I saw the bug requests myself when the database was still accessible, and I read multiple accounts from engineers working on performance improvements at Sun Microsystems, who I trust far more than anecdotal, arbitrary claim from you here in "Hacker" "News" of all places, which has meanwhile become notorious.
And considering I know how fast illumos is because I ran Solaris and Linux on the same hardware, I'll just stick with running SmartOS, thank you very much: for example, Solaris would regularly peak to 85 MB/s while Linux could barely muster 55 MB/s on the same hardware... HTTP response times are up to 10x faster on Solaris; and so on, and so forth. I've never seen Linux max out 40 Gbps per second and saturate the switch, but I sure as hell did do that with Solaris 10 on a DELL server, of all the shitty hardware out there. I've also never been able to get Linux to deliver anywhere close to 100 MB/s with NFS, while SmartOS regularly delivered over 433 MB/s, while peaking multiple times at 533 MB/s; that's faster than our EMC SAN was at work! So yeah, I'll stick with what doesn't break backwards compatibility and is blazingly fast... Solaris and SmartOS for the win. Good luck with GNU and Linux. You'll need it.
WRONG! It is factually correct that Linux beats illumos in performance.
>I saw the bug requests myself when the database was still accessible, and I read multiple accounts from engineers working on performance improvements at Sun Microsystems
>who I trust far more than anecdotal, arbitrary claim from you here in "Hacker" "News" of all places, which has meanwhile become notorious.
Hopefully you trust the anecdotes of the lead performance engineer that worked on illumos LOL!
>And considering I know how fast illumos is because I ran Solaris and Linux on the same hardware, I'll just stick with running SmartOS, thank you very much:
>for example, Solaris would regularly peak to 85 MB/s while Linux could barely muster 55 MB/s on the same hardware...
AHAHAHA I got more performance from my junk server on Linux 10 years ago, easily beating Solaris, regularly peaking around 100 MB/s.
>HTTP response times are up to 10x faster on Solaris; and so on, and so forth.
I got 40x response time increases on Linux; and so on, and so forth.
>I've never seen Linux max out 40 Gbps per second and saturate the switch, but I sure as hell did do that with Solaris 10 on a DELL server, of all the shitty hardware out there.
Wow, so slow. We had to get special switches specifically because Linux would over saturate way past 40 Gbps. Never had that issue with Slowlaris.
> I've also never been able to get Linux to deliver anywhere close to 100 MB/s with NFS, while SmartOS regularly delivered over 433 MB/s, while peaking multiple times at 533 MB/s; that's faster than our EMC SAN was at work!
AHAHAHAHA Slowlaris could barely make it through a day without NFS crashing. We were regularly peaking in the 800 MB/s range with Linux, that's faster than Slowlaris crashing on the EMC SAN at work!
>So yeah, I'll stick with what doesn't break backwards compatibility and is blazingly fast...
Ah, so you'll stick with Linux! Awesome!
>Solaris and SmartOS for the win.
Winning the dunce award for antiquated OSes, yep.
>Good luck with GNU and Linux. You'll need it.
Good luck with the OS that runs the fastest super computers in the world, all of HFT, etc.? Yep, we'll need luck to leverage the best platform to push us into the future. Thanks!
"WRONG! It is factually correct that Linux beats illumos in performance."
I don't believe that you making an argument in good faith here.
"You can continue to use your Slowlaris based OS and live in the past. Your prerogative."
It's neither slow, nor do I live in the past: illumos is being very actively developed and not only does it beat Linux in everything, it has more features. And yes it is my prerogative and I shall continue running it, because I like rock-solid, high performance systems that I can just deploy and leave running for years without having to tune or maintain. I love that.
"AHAHAHA I got more performance from my junk server on Linux 10 years ago, easily beating Solaris, regularly peaking around 100 MB/s."
Brendan has gone rogue after a fallout and is not to be trusted. He became a hostile witness the moment he abandoned the illumos movement and gave into trend-pandering because of what vast majority is running. Anyone pandering to trends has no credibility as far as I'm concerned. I don't care if it were Scott McNealy himself: you start advocating for a piece of shit technology like GNU, Linux, or GNU/Linux, I'm done with you. It's not up for discussion.
"We had to get special switches specifically because Linux would over saturate way past 40 Gbps. Never had that issue with Slowlaris."
Correct on both counts! What do you know? Yes you had to get special switches and equipment while I completely saturated an entire switch with a piece of junk DELL, and here comes the kicker: running Solaris 10 for i86pc... without any tuning whatsoever! Out of the box performance on a total piece of junk P. C. tin-bucket, DELL hardware. I think I shall stick with Solaris and SmartOS, thank-you-very-much!
>I don't believe that you making an argument in good faith here.
You always claim people are making "bad faith" arguments when you get called out and owned. It's a poor, thinly veiled response that everyone sees through. Annatard claiming "bad faith" translates to: "REEEE!!! I got owned, let me start foaming!"
>It's neither slow
Yes, it objectively and statistically is, as shown in pretty much any test/metric ever in the past decade or so. I even linked examples to which you have no retort.
>nor do I live in the past: illumos is being very actively developed and not only does it beat Linux in everything, it has more features
WRONG! It's nowhere near as actively developed as Linux (there are Linux sub-components that are more actively developed than illumos), and it can't beat Linux in anything, and has LESS features. illumos still doesn't have GPGPU support last I remember... nor does it have PCI passthrough in 2019... IOMMU? LOL!
>Brendan has gone rogue after a fallout and is not to be trusted. He became a hostile witness the moment he abandoned the illumos movement and gave into trend-pandering because of what vast majority is running. Anyone pandering to trends has no credibility as far as I'm concerned. I don't care if it were Scott McNealy himself: you start advocating for a piece of shit technology like GNU, Linux, or GNU/Linux, I'm done with you. It's not up for discussion.
Are you seeing your doctor about your delusions? You need to seek help. Gregg specifically outlined exactly why Linux has won, and again, aside from your delusional dribbling, you have no retort.
>Correct on both counts! What do you know? Yes you had to get special switches and equipment while I completely saturated an entire switch with a piece of junk DELL, and here comes the kicker: running Solaris 10 for i86pc... without any tuning whatsoever!
Is this even English? Pure nonsensical dribbling. You could never saturate an entire switch with illumos, even with tuning. Linux outperforms illumos/Solaris, and it has for years.
>I'd rather drop dead.
I can't imagine saying something this autistic in 2019.
>I don't believe that you making an argument in good faith here.
You always claim people are making "bad faith" arguments when you get called out and owned. It's a poor, thinly veiled response that everyone sees through. Annatard claiming "bad faith" translates to: "REEEE!!! I got owned, let me start foaming!"
>It's neither slow
Yes, it objectively and statistically is, as shown in pretty much any test/metric ever in the past decade or so. I even linked examples to which you have no retort.
>nor do I live in the past: illumos is being very actively developed and not only does it beat Linux in everything, it has more features
WRONG! It's nowhere near as actively developed as Linux (there are Linux sub-components that are more actively developed than illumos), and it can't beat Linux in anything, and has LESS features. illumos still doesn't have GPGPU support last I remember... nor does it have PCI passthrough in 2019... IOMMU? LOL!
>Brendan has gone rogue after a fallout and is not to be trusted. He became a hostile witness the moment he abandoned the illumos movement and gave into trend-pandering because of what vast majority is running. Anyone pandering to trends has no credibility as far as I'm concerned. I don't care if it were Scott McNealy himself: you start advocating for a piece of shit technology like GNU, Linux, or GNU/Linux, I'm done with you. It's not up for discussion.
Are you seeing your doctor about your delusions? You need to seek help. Gregg specifically outlined exactly why Linux has won, and again, aside from your delusional dribbling, you have no retort.
>Correct on both counts! What do you know? Yes you had to get special switches and equipment while I completely saturated an entire switch with a piece of junk DELL, and here comes the kicker: running Solaris 10 for i86pc... without any tuning whatsoever!
Is this even English? Pure nonsensical dribbling. You can't saturate an entire switch with illumos, even with tuning. Linux outperforms illumos/Solaris, and it has for years.
>I'd rather drop dead.
I can't imagine saying something this inane in 2019.
>I don't believe that you making an argument in good faith here.
You always claim people are making "bad faith" arguments when you get called out and owned. It's a poor, thinly veiled response that everyone sees through. Annatard claiming "bad faith" translates to: "REEEE!!! I got owned, let me start foaming!"
>It's neither slow
Yes, it objectively and statistically is, as shown in pretty much any test/metric ever in the past decade or so. I even linked examples to which you have no retort.
>nor do I live in the past: illumos is being very actively developed and not only does it beat Linux in everything, it has more features
WRONG! It's nowhere near as actively developed as Linux (there are Linux sub-components that are more actively developed than illumos), and it can't beat Linux in anything, and has LESS features. illumos still doesn't have GPGPU support last I remember... nor does it have PCI passthrough in 2019... IOMMU? LOL!
>Brendan has gone rogue after a fallout and is not to be trusted. He became a hostile witness the moment he abandoned the illumos movement and gave into trend-pandering because of what vast majority is running. Anyone pandering to trends has no credibility as far as I'm concerned. I don't care if it were Scott McNealy himself: you start advocating for a piece of shit technology like GNU, Linux, or GNU/Linux, I'm done with you. It's not up for discussion.
Are you seeing your doctor about your delusions? You need to seek help. Gregg specifically outlined exactly why Linux has won, and again, aside from your delusional dribbling, you have no retort.
>Correct on both counts! What do you know? Yes you had to get special switches and equipment while I completely saturated an entire switch with a piece of junk DELL, and here comes the kicker: running Solaris 10 for i86pc... without any tuning whatsoever!
Is this even English? Pure nonsensical dribbling. You could never saturate an entire switch with illumos, even with tuning. Linux outperforms illumos/Solaris, and it has for years.
>I'd rather drop dead.
I can't imagine saying something this inane in 2019.
Copy/paste the dead comment, for posterity to show Annatard getting rekt yet again:
>No sorry, but that's incorrect.
WRONG! It is factually correct that Linux beats illumos in performance.
>I saw the bug requests myself when the database was still accessible, and I read multiple accounts from engineers working on performance improvements at Sun Microsystems
>who I trust far more than anecdotal, arbitrary claim from you here in "Hacker" "News" of all places, which has meanwhile become notorious.
Hopefully you trust the anecdotes of the lead performance engineer that worked on illumos LOL!
>And considering I know how fast illumos is because I ran Solaris and Linux on the same hardware, I'll just stick with running SmartOS, thank you very much:
>for example, Solaris would regularly peak to 85 MB/s while Linux could barely muster 55 MB/s on the same hardware...
AHAHAHA I got more performance from my junk server on Linux 10 years ago, easily beating Solaris, regularly peaking around 100 MB/s.
>HTTP response times are up to 10x faster on Solaris; and so on, and so forth.
I got 40x response time increases on Linux; and so on, and so forth.
>I've never seen Linux max out 40 Gbps per second and saturate the switch, but I sure as hell did do that with Solaris 10 on a DELL server, of all the shitty hardware out there.
Wow, so slow. We had to get special switches specifically because Linux would over saturate way past 40 Gbps. Never had that issue with Slowlaris.
> I've also never been able to get Linux to deliver anywhere close to 100 MB/s with NFS, while SmartOS regularly delivered over 433 MB/s, while peaking multiple times at 533 MB/s; that's faster than our EMC SAN was at work!
AHAHAHAHA Slowlaris could barely make it through a day without NFS crashing. We were regularly peaking in the 800 MB/s range with Linux, that's faster than Slowlaris crashing on the EMC SAN at work!
>So yeah, I'll stick with what doesn't break backwards compatibility and is blazingly fast...
Ah, so you'll stick with Linux! Awesome!
>Solaris and SmartOS for the win.
Winning the dunce award for antiquated OSes, yep.
>Good luck with GNU and Linux. You'll need it.
Good luck with the OS that runs the fastest super computers in the world, all of HFT, etc.? Yep, we'll need luck to leverage the best platform to push us into the future. Thanks!
Not just cheaper, but faster, too. Before Linux really took off, there was a time when it was starting to look like Windows was going to become the only player in town. I kept trying to make a case for Unix (that is, Solaris back then) and the deeper I dug the less convincing my case became. Sun & Irix hardware was orders of magnitude more expensive with worse performance than PCs no matter how I measured it. You can go on and on (and I tried) about how the hardware architecture is upgradeable, how it’s more fault tolerant, how it’s better tuned to the OS, but at the end of the day the only thing the Sun hardware had going for it was you could run the Unix toolchain on it.
In a way, Linux embrace and extended the Unix standards. New third party software required new versions of the GNU tools, not the ancient tools and libraries shipped with SunOS.
To make anything work you’d have to install the whole GNU ecosystem in a build root which became old pretty quickly.
Once GNU/Linux started gaining traction I encountered a few sites starting to mix it with their established Sun fleet, and they had been putting GNU userspace on all their Sun boxes just to normalize the UX.
Solaris from what I recall was opinionated in the BSD vs. SysV department, in terms of what commands were provided on the shell and what their usage syntax was. GNU was more user-oriented and tried to make things familiar to everyone regardless of which camp you were from. So the GNU userspace made more people happy, and the license combined with source distribution didn't prohibit installation everywhere.
My memory is fuzzy from that era, but I clearly recall working for a software company writing control panel software to manage apache installs across both Solaris and GNU/Linux, whenever a new Sun box was spun up GNU was immediately installed so everyone could login to any machine and find it behaved more or less the same as they worked at the shell. bash, coreutils, gcc, all the goodies, you couldn't make your x86 GNU/Linux boxes look like Solaris for everyone, but you could go the other direction trivially. Sun was basically user-hostile, GNU makes it very apparent, especially in the transition period.
Contrary to most HN folks I do appreciate that Oracle has bought Sun in spite of how many things turned out.
Apparently on their Oracle-hate rage, everyone is eager that besides an initial offer from IBM, later withdrawn, no other company bothered one second to buy Sun assets.
So had Oracle not bought them, even the later killed products would have died on the spot, and in spite of their openness, as talking is cheap, no one else would actually bother to pick them up.
Another one not mentioned by the sibling comment: they tried to improve upon the poor scalability of poll(2) before epoll was a thing.
Also a bunch of random things in section 2 of your Linux manpages started out as Sun-introduced APIs back in the day.
But a bunch of stuff has been ported or integrated elsewhere. Zfs runs well out of the box on freebsd and as a module on linux. "Containers" are a big thing now where zones might have applied. Etc.
Most of the "hardware maintainance" is defragmenting the workload so that the VMs run in fewer physical machines to retire racks of old hardware. Some load balancing too.
I grew up when BSD was kinda mature but SVR4 was the "new thing". People, probably inertia, were hating SVR4 and Solaris vs. SunOS (BSD) too. But it was solid. Solaris 5.5.1 and 5.6 were bulletproof, organized, documented, and worked. I don't know who worked for Sun back then, but to you, Thank You!
At the time, many UNIX vendors were sparing, warring even. But Solaris is one of the best, purest SVR4 implementations. On top of that it had a very unique and excellent driver model (one of the first), true multi-threaded kernel, and extremely good compiler. And it ran on an extremely well designed post-RISC CPU (UltraSparc). CDE was ... not really the point...
Sadly, while it powered that dot-com bubble, that success led to the failure when $50,000 Sun workstations and servers became available for $0.01.
If you're going to fail that is the honest way to do so, in my book.
Let's face it, Solaris was a pile of crap. Security-wise alone, it was a disaster.
I'm glad Linux (and not Oracle) killed it, for all its faults, it's a much better foundation for the future.
I never liked dtrace either, and much prefer the direction eBPF is going. ZFS I'm ambivalent about, but I find that on average it's more trouble than it's worth.
> Let's face it, Solaris was a pile of crap. Security-wise alone, it was a disaster.
Huh, that wasn't my impression at all - for a long while wasn't it much safer to have unprivileged untrusted users on Solaris than on Linux? (that is, Linux quite frequently had local privilege escalations, I thought Solaris didn't?)
I guess "security" is a broad term, what sort of security?
These are products of a different era - the security vs usability or vs performance trade-off was very different during the heyday of IRIX. And you absolutely could make a secure IRIX or Solaris or whatever system; people just didn’t because they mostly didn’t need to (and those that did, just did it).
Sorry that's just uninformed BS. Solaris was/is rock solid, its engineering is 1st class, it pioneered ZFS and other technologies, new init processes, NFS, ONC-RPC, R/O root, zones/jails, etc etc.
ZFS provides features that other file systems have yet to provide, eg full COW, snapshots etc.
Linux is great, I use it every day and its solid in a cloud environment. But to say its clean inside the kernel is a mistake. It reflects its development model, messy, with management by consensus and a benevolent dictator in Linus.
But don't call something a "pile of crap" without evidence or condemn engineering in the 90s with 20/20 (or 2019) hindsight.
You are being downvoted by people who either used it in some self-diluted nostalgic glory day or have never run it. The OG Sun people bailed when SunOS was dismantled and AT&T shucked their shit to Sun management as part of a capital infusion. Linux won the Unix wars because of extreme arrogance by the competition plain and simple. The critiques of Linux are well known and it's not hard to find treachery in the system, but run any kind of efficiency or performance test on Linux versus others, year by year fair to the defeated systems, and prepare to faceplam. Any multithreaded test will do, you can easily select amateurs versus pros on this issue with a simple truth test like https://github.com/antonblanchard/will-it-scale
The parent poster's comment was not unique in dissent versus debates on any other topic, you are kowtowing to this community's gestalt that Solaris is some special mythical technology because of a small number of vocal and up and down vote happy proponents on the site. Please allow skepticism of the superiority to air equally to fans.
That is certainly the case, yet this rule has not been applied on other comments like people shitting on Linux or Oracle or whatever creating a lopsided discussion and a ton of misinformed young people over time.
I used SunOS and Solaris in 1995-1996 as a federal contractor for the US Military. It seemed to work well for a Unix OS. We used many different types of Unix.
GNU/Linux, BSD Unix, and MacOSX slowly took marketshare away from Sun/Oracle. Expensive SPARCStations no longer were affordable.
That's okay, Solaris lives on as the free, open source software that is the illumos source code, from which distributions like Tribblix and SmartOS are made. illumos is being actively developed and it's very lively.
One of the major aspects of Solaris demise was that it fell victim to the anti-cannibalization efforts by the extremely politically strong SPARC division inside Sun. That bound the Solaris fate to the [rapidly falling] fate of the Sun SPARC and prevented any serious investment into the development of the x86 version. As Solaris was falling more and more painfully behind in support of popular x86 hardware a running joke ca. 2002-4 from the Solaris dev guys was - to have an instance of Linux kernel with its drivers running inside the Solaris instance and use that Linux instance to proxy requests to the various otherwise unsupported by Solaris hardware.
It's fascinating to me that a company like Oracle that I only ever see ridiculed and despised for its products and business practices, is also so profitable. I hear so many tales of companies that decline and eventually become irrelevant when they start being run by MBAs with no product vision, but it seems that once a company reaches a certain size, it's just par for the course, and they seem to do fine anyway. Is it just inertia and brand value at that point?
As someone who has worked in corporate companies, here is a list of reasons why Oracle, IBM, Microsoft, Google, VMWare, Deloitte etc. are "par for the course"
* If you are upper level management at Blue Chip company "Initech", the last thing you want to be dealing with is a smaller B2B provider, with a hipster name like "Data Badger". Being smaller means more risk (not necessarily but thats the culture). You want the big safe boring companies.
* Big corporates are still wined and dined by Oracle's sales teams etc. Yes you might have to do your mandatory HR training about bribes and corporate gifts, but this stuff still happens under the table. Its business, it might not be ethical, but its business.
* Cronyism etc. management tends to circulate around companies closely connected with each other. A Microsoft manager might float to Vodafone or JP Morgan. When they get there, they are more likely to throw any of their old MS colleagues a bone when it comes to service contracts etc.
This is why networking is so important in LinkedIn for corporate careerism.
* Did I mention sales already, yes, but these big companies have large sales and marketing budgets. Those buzzwords are expensive you know!
* Those sales and marketers target managers and people with a high influence / low technical understand co-efficient. Don't get me wrong there are smart managers out there that know their stuff however they are generally a rareity. So they tend to drink the kool-aid from the big tech corporates e.g. "Hey Bob, I think Microsoft's Foobar Cloud Hypervisor, can streamline our data acquisition and increase synergy in the business".
* When you take your first hit of Oracle's software or services, you are effectively tied into service contracts which make it painful to leave but easy to extend. You might spend £200million for a 5 year contract, then three years in you see a new technology offering for an extra £4million etc. That's relatively pennies to what you've already sunk into the service contract.
* Marketing and branding which you picked up on in your post. There is a reason you see IBM or Oracle advertised a lot in the Financial Times, Economist, New Scientist etc.
Hope this explains why Oracle et al. are dominent in the industry.
Great post. All these, plus many software suites with complex legal and administrative rules (think tax, immigration, employment law) might only support Oracle for the database.
It's next to impossible to wean yourself away from these products in many jurisdictions.
Even Google runs Oracle. And Amazon did till recently.
While I agree how things go, I am yet to find in FOSS databases the graphical tooling, documentation, olap, cluster management and driver support of the likes of Oracle, SQL Server, Informix, DB2 and many other enterprise RDMS.
135 comments
[ 2.0 ms ] story [ 329 ms ] threadSources for 4.1.4 leaked, but of course that's without official blessing... And Oracle's lawyers probably make up more than half the company.
I've always wondered how much *BSD love is SunOS Lost Causeism. I think maybe most younger people (@ my old age) just never really got it.
I suppose everybody feels like too much other core "UNIX" stuff came from BSD - vi, TCP/IP etc. Plus the SVR4 vendors typically insisted that you pay separately for C/C++ compilers etc...
Older SysV and SysIII derivatives were a total crapshoot. Depending on vendor, you could have or not have any number of important things: sockets, tcp/ip, nfs, the list goes on.
SVR4 finally started to heal the rift between ATT and BSD systems. It made Unix applications radically more portable.
Interesting, I always thought that AT&T SVR4 was the reference implementation, and that Solaris was the Sun hybrid that was basically AT&T SVR4 with the BSD compatibility added to support legacy SunOS applications.
Yes I was aware that both AIX and HP-UX were originally SVR3 based, and my experience with both of those showed that they were very inconsistent with each other (eg. AIX 4.1 through 4.3, vs HP-UX 10.0, 11 etc).
> SVR4 finally started to heal the rift between ATT and BSD systems. It made Unix applications radically more portable.
Agree and this is one of the reasons that I liked it - it feels like an earlier attempt at creating a "standard" much as Linux is considered today, albeit a fairly closed source one by modern considerations. Of course I wasn't there at the time, but my first UNIX experiences as a teenager were on XENIX, so that probably coloured my perception somewhat.
That is correct. When I was working on one of the early SMP UNIX flavors at Encore, the SVR4 code we used as a base was from AT&T. The only thing we got from Sun was NFS source - for which they'd accept patches, and apply them to their own version of NFS, but then ship the next version back to us with our own changes stripped back out. Such a lovely bunch of people.
e.g. The Sun sockets support was in the base SVR4 kernel and libc.
SVR4.2 was not released until 1992 however[1].
Solaris may have been the SVR4 "reference platform" for SPARC hardware, but the other official hardware platform at release was the mainstream x86, which Solaris did not support until 2.1 in 1993.
Also I have a bunch of SVR4 install floppy images here, and for some reason I don't believe it installs TCP/IP support by default. I should go back and check now.
[1] http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)
That is simply not true. Most of Sun's competitors at the time used an AT&T base augmented with STREAMS-based TCP/IP from Lachman or similar. I worked on one such. My colleagues at Sequent, Pyramid, Masscomp, etc. were all in essentially the same boat. NFS was the only commonly-included piece from Sun.
If you were using SVR3 or earlier, you may have needed extra stuff.
SunOS 4 was old and crusty but it wasn’t shithouse buggy, and some folks were very reluctant to migrate even after Solaris got a lot better.
And can we even talk of GNU/Linux monoculture when you've got a few working distros - e.g. Void, Alpine - with non-GNU userland, or distros with completely different userspace models - try to compare Ubuntu, Gentoo, Nix, GoboLinux, etc.
Do you have init (systemd-init, sysvinit, openrc), network management (systemd-networkd, NetworkManager, connman), dhcp (systemd-networkd dhcpcd, etc), audio (pulseaudio, pipewire, raw alsa + dmix, etc), graphics (X11, wayland), desktop shell (gnome, KDE Plasma, XFCE, i3) debate in the windows world ? No because except for the last you cannot ever change how it is done yourself on windows, while on the "GNU/Linux" ecosystem everyone is free to come with its own better idea for $SYSTEMCOMPONENT and put it in the open marketplace of competing ideas.
FreeBSD is OK, but very lacking in manpower. Every time I install a desktop package these days, I see multiple warnings about how this or that dependency has no maintainer.
With so much attention these days on Docker and other halfway measures involving namespaces, it’s not really Unix that’s the platform anymore. Linux is the platform for a variety of network and desktop applications.
Regarding Docker - it’s like saying it’s not Linux that’s the platform anymore, it’s the hypervisor. Linux is just one of the layers.
Kinda sad, I think Sun was a fairly innocent victim of the dot-com bubble bust.
So fck larry fcking ellison, and I hope the horse he rode in on throws him and then kicks him square in the nuts (I have nothing against the horse).
"This company is very straightforward, in its defense. This company is about one man, his alter-ego, and what he wants to inflict upon humanity -- that's it! ...Ship mediocrity, inflict misery, lie our asses off, screw our customers, and make a whole shitload of money. Yeah... you talk to Oracle, it's like, 'no, we don't fucking make dreams happen -- we make money!'"
"You need to think of Larry Ellison the way you think of a lawnmower. You don't anthropomorphize your lawnmower, the lawnmower just mows the lawn, you stick your hand in there and it'll chop it off, the end. You don't think 'oh, the lawnmower hates me' -- lawnmower doesn't give a shit about you, lawnmower can't hate you. Don't anthropomorphize the lawnmower. Don't fall into that trap about Oracle."
-- Bryan Cantrill
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zRN7XLCRhc
Don’t pigeonhole it into a box just because the box that he tried to pigeonhole it into isn’t the right fit.
Oracle serves to make money in whatever sleazy way they can get away with, improving the world has nothing to do with it.
Oracle is well known for arbitrary and complex licensing that have the effect of locking customers to Oracle under threats of audits.
Recently it has taken to pushing customers via licensing changes on to its own Cloud environment. Its incumbency in F100 companies ensures a vendor lockin that is only slowly deteriorating.
Oracle's record of acquisition and product EOL is also well known. It's responsible for the fork of Hudson to Jenkins, the collapse of Solaris, the API court case with Google (attempting to use copyright on API definitions to stop new implementations), the fork of MySQL to MariaDB, etc etc
I have used VirtualBox for a decade for my VM on Ubuntu - it just worked better than VMWare for me (I recently bought a VMWare licence, but went back to VBox).
Ages ago I even tried to pay Oracle for it, since they documented that they wanted USD50 per seat, but when I emailed them they had no way to accept the money!
Oracle strikes me as a deeply disfunctional organisation.
Sure, they're deeply dysfunctional, but all big corps are pretty dysfunctional about money.
I was working for a company purchased by a Fortune 500, and had a bill from a company purchased by Oracle. Between their Accounts Receivable, and our Accounts Payable, once it took about 3 months to pay the quarterly bill. Only some of the dysfunction was Oracle's fault. :P
As a long-time VBox user myself, a neat thing I figured out almost by accident the other day: you can port VBox images to QEMU/KVM trivially on Ubuntu (and then use Virtual Machine Manager for the VBox-like graphical front-end).
Just unarchive the OVF file from VBox, then use QEMU to convert the resulting VMDK file to your format of choice (such as qcow2). Import your new disk image into VMM and done!
Oh yes, I think Oracle is evil, in a way worse than the worst years of M$. And larry ... is clearly the responsible party.
In my ethos, good capitalism is good itself and for everyone. Wise leaders play for the "long game" and this benefits them, their shareholders, and everyone else. This was the pattern of Sun. In particular Sun, even in the years when the UNIX wars were not very nice. larry (and bill) are simply diseased vultures who trade short term personal gain for mass global loss. Someday, while old larry will be fine, his shareholders will have nothing but a bag of sh*t.
How do you figure? The OpenJDK project maintains the language specifications, and reference libraries, and even a JVM.
Oracle is now, just another JVM vendor that takes OpenJDK and compiles it for convenience and/or a support contract - if that's your cup of tea... along with Azul Systems, Red Hat, IBM, AdoptOpenJDK, Amazon, SAP, and more. Some of these vendors also offer proprietary JVM's that claim to focus on some particular problem or offer specific features above-and-beyond reference JVM's.
But... for all, OpenJDK project is the standards body - and is not controlled by Oracle.
It isn't very open if you get sued for implementing a compatible API.
Google was sued for Android's use of a copy of a specific implementation - not for implementing something compatible. Specifically - Android made use of a copy of parts of an Oracle/Sun implementation of Java, instead of writing their own or using OpenJDK (which wasn't mature at the time of the alleged offense).
This was all back from a time where Sun owned Java outright, and offered licensed use. Times are quite different now for the Java ecosystem.
> Not, however, if you call it "Java" (tm).
No, you cannot make a new programming language and call it Java. I think you'll find similar trademark protections on any language.
You also couldn't make a new JVM and call it "HotSpot", because Oracle owns that trademark too - but you can call your custom JVM anything else you want. So long as it followed the OpenJDK specifications, it would be compatible with Java bytecode and run Java programs just fine.
make no mistake: the case was about whether an API can be copywrited, or whether it's public information like a phone book. as far as I know, Google's implementation was independent.
Nope, they were sued (and prevailed [1]) because of them re-implementing Java APIs. The 'copy of a specific implementation' rhetoric concerned a 9-line snippet [2] which was laughed out of court by Alsup. Here's the contested piece of code:
Here's Alsup's reaction to the claim [3 (look through the thread for a quote or find Groklaw on archive.org)]:Judge: We heard the testimony of Mr. Bloch. I couldn't have told you the first thing about Java before this problem. I have done, and still do, a significant amount of programming in other languages. I've written blocks of code like rangeCheck a hundred times before. I could do it, you could do it. The idea that someone would copy that when they could do it themselves just as fast, it was an accident. There's no way you could say that was speeding them along to the marketplace. You're one of the best lawyers in America, how could you even make that kind of argument?
The case has been documented ad infinitum et delirium, look it up.
[1] https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/may/26/google-wi...
[2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11722514
[3] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3979899
A cherry picked Java 8 flavor, with partial support for Java standard library, incomplete mapping of JVM bytecodes into DEX bytecodes (required for some Java 8+ features), that forces Java library authors to either constrain themselves to such Android Java flavor, or provide two implementations of their libraries.
Nowadays I call Android Java as Android J++, as homage to Google succeeding where Microsoft failed.
A subset of Java with partial support for the standard library is the the lingua franca of Android, forcing a fork on the Java community for any library author that wants to target standard Java and Android Java.
They should have seen the writing on the wall and done something to differentiate themselves meaningfully before the PC wave washed over them. They failed to do so, and could barely afford to keep the lights on at the scale they operated afterwards.
It's true that PC's (amd64) became capable workstations around the same time, or shortly after. And that didn't help.
But for the time, the RISC UNIX Workstation was NOT overpriced. If you compare your $1500 core-i7 machine of today to a $30,000 RISC machine of 2001, the later would seem overpriced. But not at all if compared to the $1500 Dell of 2001 running Windows NT 4.0. Remember, things changed very rapidly. And the dot-com burst before Linux and amd64 really happened.
In a way, both Linux and x86/amd64 have turned the PC into the UNIX workstation of the 90's and 2000's. And with ONE dominant, excellent, kinda-sorta SVR4 OS too (Linux).
We didn't give Sun a single penny in what would have been fertile land for their machines, if not for GNU/Linux and dirt-cheap powerful PCs.
One of the places I worked shared a building with a legacy hosting provider that had nothing but racks of Sun hardware. I had applied to work there first, with nothing but self-taught GNU/Linux knowledge and they laughed me out the door for not knowing anything about "real UNIX". Then I ended up getting a job just one floor below them at younger hosting company, 100% GNU/Linux, and we ate their lunch. It was a microcosm of what was going on everywhere, Sun was doomed.
You sound like you're gatekeeping system administration.
Well not all of us, but being a sysadmin excited about Unix/Linux on commodity hardware didn't mean much if your boss thought the OS, the hardware or both weren't ready for production workloads.
I showed my boss two floppy Slackware and he dismissed it as not relevant. Years later we were having the same arguments about Solaris on Intel which weren't helped by Sun's on again off again Intel support. My point is sometimes it was the IT management gatekeeping.
It turns out, evolution doesn't optimize for architectural beauty. Maybe there was a dinosaur out there with an amazing, lean, clean body structure, yet here I am, happily carrying around my appendix ;) Evolution is ruthless.
Quantity has it's own quality
This was a shallow dismissal even in the first dotcom boom. Nowadays, when it's in half of phones, most consumer smart appliances, literally every internet company, and even cars, it's just wrong. Linux is the default work tool whether you like it or not.
Back in 2001 we had a build farm for Zeus Webserver that targeted something like 20 different versions of commercial UNIX. All of them are now effectively dead, including some spectacular failures like HP-UX on Itanium.
> flood of kids who overnight became "system administrators", which along the 1.95 trillion USD being wiped out caused the market to crash
No, this is just revisionism. There are very few companies that could have become a success if it was just for having a more expensive server and sysadmin from Sun. At best you might have prevented them from forming at all, along with a bunch of others who did go on to succeed.
The cheap commodity hardware is better for the business because you can get results that are as good or almost as good for far lower costs.
Worse for you, we are starting to obliterate "root" as a concept. There are vast swathes of machines, physical and virtual, where no human has ever logged in as root at all.
Yeah, that's precisely the reason why my TV is so slow and why I have to press buttons on the remote twice or thrice because Linux on ARM is losing events. A toy operating system not fit for production. Linux never evolved into something more mature, and considering what kind of people work on it, never will. They aren't engineers, they're amateurs and it shows. Luckily illumos continues to develop so I can run a real operating system which doesn't have such performance problems... in production.
Solaris was never suitable for embedded devices. Illumos won't even run on ARM. Linux's strength is its versatility: from small embedded systems to big iron.
There is an unfinished port of illumos to ARM.
Solaris was traditionally used for embedded applications (such as flight control systems in airplanes) and it is ideal for embedded applications because it has miniscule memory and processor requirements.
Solaris may have been used for embedded applications, but was never "ideal" for them. We called it "Slowaris" in the 90's for a reason. Those 3 to 5 minute boot times really got to you...
As somebody with formal education and experience, I _want_ that to be true, because I want to be hard to find, hard to replace, and really expensive… but just me wanting something to be true unfortunately doesn’t always make it true.
"Unreliable" PC hardware is a myth. It was once true, in the early 90's. Today, even low end x86 are rock solid and last for years, running trouble free.
The writing was on the wall you at least 97 , and the Unix vendors looked at it and just kept doing the same thing. They were already dead, but the dot.com collapse finished them a little faster I suppose.
If I recall correctly, adding the second PPro 180MHz chip added around $2k to the price. Call it $7-8k all in.
The 200MHz PPro had a SPECInt92 value of 366[0]. You can find a list of other SPECInt92 values here[1]. So it was, indeed, faster than many systems, but not the fastest. Value for money? Yeah, it had it.
There were x86 versions of SVR4 UNIX available commercially, so it's quite plausible that you could do an apples-to-apples comparison. I'm sure one is out there, but I don't have the time to find one.
It's worth noting that in 1994, Eric S. Raymond discontinued his "PC-clone UNIX buyers guide" because he had switched to Linux, and didn't think that UNIX had a future. [2]
I think it's still fair to say that the dedicated UNIX workstations had a certain panache that made "real" engineers want them, badly.
[0] https://www.hpcwire.com/1995/11/03/200-mhz-intel-pentium-pro...
[1] http://performance.netlib.org/performance/html/new.spec.cint...
[2] http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/clone-unix-guide.txt
From 1998 or so, my home 486dx2 with Linux was faster and a hell of a lot cheaper than my Sun workstation at work.
Linux even outperformed illumos in ZFS!
And considering I know how fast illumos is because I ran Solaris and Linux on the same hardware, I'll just stick with running SmartOS, thank you very much: for example, Solaris would regularly peak to 85 MB/s while Linux could barely muster 55 MB/s on the same hardware... HTTP response times are up to 10x faster on Solaris; and so on, and so forth. I've never seen Linux max out 40 Gbps per second and saturate the switch, but I sure as hell did do that with Solaris 10 on a DELL server, of all the shitty hardware out there. I've also never been able to get Linux to deliver anywhere close to 100 MB/s with NFS, while SmartOS regularly delivered over 433 MB/s, while peaking multiple times at 533 MB/s; that's faster than our EMC SAN was at work! So yeah, I'll stick with what doesn't break backwards compatibility and is blazingly fast... Solaris and SmartOS for the win. Good luck with GNU and Linux. You'll need it.
WRONG! It is factually correct that Linux beats illumos in performance.
>I saw the bug requests myself when the database was still accessible, and I read multiple accounts from engineers working on performance improvements at Sun Microsystems
As did I, and the former lead performance engineer at Joyent says Linux beats illumos: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16382456
>who I trust far more than anecdotal, arbitrary claim from you here in "Hacker" "News" of all places, which has meanwhile become notorious.
Hopefully you trust the anecdotes of the lead performance engineer that worked on illumos LOL!
>And considering I know how fast illumos is because I ran Solaris and Linux on the same hardware, I'll just stick with running SmartOS, thank you very much:
I also ran it with the same hardware, and Linux beats it in pretty much every category. You can continue to use your Slowlaris based OS and live in the past. Your prerogative. https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=opensola...
>for example, Solaris would regularly peak to 85 MB/s while Linux could barely muster 55 MB/s on the same hardware...
AHAHAHA I got more performance from my junk server on Linux 10 years ago, easily beating Solaris, regularly peaking around 100 MB/s.
>HTTP response times are up to 10x faster on Solaris; and so on, and so forth.
I got 40x response time increases on Linux; and so on, and so forth.
>I've never seen Linux max out 40 Gbps per second and saturate the switch, but I sure as hell did do that with Solaris 10 on a DELL server, of all the shitty hardware out there.
Wow, so slow. We had to get special switches specifically because Linux would over saturate way past 40 Gbps. Never had that issue with Slowlaris.
> I've also never been able to get Linux to deliver anywhere close to 100 MB/s with NFS, while SmartOS regularly delivered over 433 MB/s, while peaking multiple times at 533 MB/s; that's faster than our EMC SAN was at work!
AHAHAHAHA Slowlaris could barely make it through a day without NFS crashing. We were regularly peaking in the 800 MB/s range with Linux, that's faster than Slowlaris crashing on the EMC SAN at work!
>So yeah, I'll stick with what doesn't break backwards compatibility and is blazingly fast...
Ah, so you'll stick with Linux! Awesome!
>Solaris and SmartOS for the win.
Winning the dunce award for antiquated OSes, yep.
>Good luck with GNU and Linux. You'll need it.
Good luck with the OS that runs the fastest super computers in the world, all of HFT, etc.? Yep, we'll need luck to leverage the best platform to push us into the future. Thanks!
I don't believe that you making an argument in good faith here.
"You can continue to use your Slowlaris based OS and live in the past. Your prerogative."
It's neither slow, nor do I live in the past: illumos is being very actively developed and not only does it beat Linux in everything, it has more features. And yes it is my prerogative and I shall continue running it, because I like rock-solid, high performance systems that I can just deploy and leave running for years without having to tune or maintain. I love that.
"AHAHAHA I got more performance from my junk server on Linux 10 years ago, easily beating Solaris, regularly peaking around 100 MB/s."
Are you making a good faith argument here?
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16382456
Brendan has gone rogue after a fallout and is not to be trusted. He became a hostile witness the moment he abandoned the illumos movement and gave into trend-pandering because of what vast majority is running. Anyone pandering to trends has no credibility as far as I'm concerned. I don't care if it were Scott McNealy himself: you start advocating for a piece of shit technology like GNU, Linux, or GNU/Linux, I'm done with you. It's not up for discussion.
"We had to get special switches specifically because Linux would over saturate way past 40 Gbps. Never had that issue with Slowlaris."
Correct on both counts! What do you know? Yes you had to get special switches and equipment while I completely saturated an entire switch with a piece of junk DELL, and here comes the kicker: running Solaris 10 for i86pc... without any tuning whatsoever! Out of the box performance on a total piece of junk P. C. tin-bucket, DELL hardware. I think I shall stick with Solaris and SmartOS, thank-you-very-much!
"Ah, so you'll stick with Linux!"
I'd rather drop dead.
You always claim people are making "bad faith" arguments when you get called out and owned. It's a poor, thinly veiled response that everyone sees through. Annatard claiming "bad faith" translates to: "REEEE!!! I got owned, let me start foaming!"
>It's neither slow
Yes, it objectively and statistically is, as shown in pretty much any test/metric ever in the past decade or so. I even linked examples to which you have no retort.
>nor do I live in the past: illumos is being very actively developed and not only does it beat Linux in everything, it has more features
WRONG! It's nowhere near as actively developed as Linux (there are Linux sub-components that are more actively developed than illumos), and it can't beat Linux in anything, and has LESS features. illumos still doesn't have GPGPU support last I remember... nor does it have PCI passthrough in 2019... IOMMU? LOL!
>Brendan has gone rogue after a fallout and is not to be trusted. He became a hostile witness the moment he abandoned the illumos movement and gave into trend-pandering because of what vast majority is running. Anyone pandering to trends has no credibility as far as I'm concerned. I don't care if it were Scott McNealy himself: you start advocating for a piece of shit technology like GNU, Linux, or GNU/Linux, I'm done with you. It's not up for discussion.
Are you seeing your doctor about your delusions? You need to seek help. Gregg specifically outlined exactly why Linux has won, and again, aside from your delusional dribbling, you have no retort.
>Correct on both counts! What do you know? Yes you had to get special switches and equipment while I completely saturated an entire switch with a piece of junk DELL, and here comes the kicker: running Solaris 10 for i86pc... without any tuning whatsoever!
Is this even English? Pure nonsensical dribbling. You could never saturate an entire switch with illumos, even with tuning. Linux outperforms illumos/Solaris, and it has for years.
>I'd rather drop dead.
I can't imagine saying something this autistic in 2019.
You always claim people are making "bad faith" arguments when you get called out and owned. It's a poor, thinly veiled response that everyone sees through. Annatard claiming "bad faith" translates to: "REEEE!!! I got owned, let me start foaming!"
>It's neither slow
Yes, it objectively and statistically is, as shown in pretty much any test/metric ever in the past decade or so. I even linked examples to which you have no retort.
>nor do I live in the past: illumos is being very actively developed and not only does it beat Linux in everything, it has more features
WRONG! It's nowhere near as actively developed as Linux (there are Linux sub-components that are more actively developed than illumos), and it can't beat Linux in anything, and has LESS features. illumos still doesn't have GPGPU support last I remember... nor does it have PCI passthrough in 2019... IOMMU? LOL!
>Brendan has gone rogue after a fallout and is not to be trusted. He became a hostile witness the moment he abandoned the illumos movement and gave into trend-pandering because of what vast majority is running. Anyone pandering to trends has no credibility as far as I'm concerned. I don't care if it were Scott McNealy himself: you start advocating for a piece of shit technology like GNU, Linux, or GNU/Linux, I'm done with you. It's not up for discussion.
Are you seeing your doctor about your delusions? You need to seek help. Gregg specifically outlined exactly why Linux has won, and again, aside from your delusional dribbling, you have no retort.
>Correct on both counts! What do you know? Yes you had to get special switches and equipment while I completely saturated an entire switch with a piece of junk DELL, and here comes the kicker: running Solaris 10 for i86pc... without any tuning whatsoever!
Is this even English? Pure nonsensical dribbling. You can't saturate an entire switch with illumos, even with tuning. Linux outperforms illumos/Solaris, and it has for years.
>I'd rather drop dead.
I can't imagine saying something this inane in 2019.
You always claim people are making "bad faith" arguments when you get called out and owned. It's a poor, thinly veiled response that everyone sees through. Annatard claiming "bad faith" translates to: "REEEE!!! I got owned, let me start foaming!"
>It's neither slow
Yes, it objectively and statistically is, as shown in pretty much any test/metric ever in the past decade or so. I even linked examples to which you have no retort.
>nor do I live in the past: illumos is being very actively developed and not only does it beat Linux in everything, it has more features
WRONG! It's nowhere near as actively developed as Linux (there are Linux sub-components that are more actively developed than illumos), and it can't beat Linux in anything, and has LESS features. illumos still doesn't have GPGPU support last I remember... nor does it have PCI passthrough in 2019... IOMMU? LOL!
>Brendan has gone rogue after a fallout and is not to be trusted. He became a hostile witness the moment he abandoned the illumos movement and gave into trend-pandering because of what vast majority is running. Anyone pandering to trends has no credibility as far as I'm concerned. I don't care if it were Scott McNealy himself: you start advocating for a piece of shit technology like GNU, Linux, or GNU/Linux, I'm done with you. It's not up for discussion.
Are you seeing your doctor about your delusions? You need to seek help. Gregg specifically outlined exactly why Linux has won, and again, aside from your delusional dribbling, you have no retort.
>Correct on both counts! What do you know? Yes you had to get special switches and equipment while I completely saturated an entire switch with a piece of junk DELL, and here comes the kicker: running Solaris 10 for i86pc... without any tuning whatsoever!
Is this even English? Pure nonsensical dribbling. You could never saturate an entire switch with illumos, even with tuning. Linux outperforms illumos/Solaris, and it has for years.
>I'd rather drop dead.
I can't imagine saying something this inane in 2019.
>No sorry, but that's incorrect.
WRONG! It is factually correct that Linux beats illumos in performance.
>I saw the bug requests myself when the database was still accessible, and I read multiple accounts from engineers working on performance improvements at Sun Microsystems
As did I, and the former lead performance engineer at Joyent says Linux beats illumos: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16382456
>who I trust far more than anecdotal, arbitrary claim from you here in "Hacker" "News" of all places, which has meanwhile become notorious.
Hopefully you trust the anecdotes of the lead performance engineer that worked on illumos LOL!
>And considering I know how fast illumos is because I ran Solaris and Linux on the same hardware, I'll just stick with running SmartOS, thank you very much:
I also ran it with the same hardware, and Linux beats it in pretty much every category. You can continue to use your Slowlaris based OS and live in the past. Your prerogative. https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=opensola....
>for example, Solaris would regularly peak to 85 MB/s while Linux could barely muster 55 MB/s on the same hardware...
AHAHAHA I got more performance from my junk server on Linux 10 years ago, easily beating Solaris, regularly peaking around 100 MB/s.
>HTTP response times are up to 10x faster on Solaris; and so on, and so forth.
I got 40x response time increases on Linux; and so on, and so forth.
>I've never seen Linux max out 40 Gbps per second and saturate the switch, but I sure as hell did do that with Solaris 10 on a DELL server, of all the shitty hardware out there.
Wow, so slow. We had to get special switches specifically because Linux would over saturate way past 40 Gbps. Never had that issue with Slowlaris.
> I've also never been able to get Linux to deliver anywhere close to 100 MB/s with NFS, while SmartOS regularly delivered over 433 MB/s, while peaking multiple times at 533 MB/s; that's faster than our EMC SAN was at work!
AHAHAHAHA Slowlaris could barely make it through a day without NFS crashing. We were regularly peaking in the 800 MB/s range with Linux, that's faster than Slowlaris crashing on the EMC SAN at work!
>So yeah, I'll stick with what doesn't break backwards compatibility and is blazingly fast...
Ah, so you'll stick with Linux! Awesome!
>Solaris and SmartOS for the win.
Winning the dunce award for antiquated OSes, yep.
>Good luck with GNU and Linux. You'll need it.
Good luck with the OS that runs the fastest super computers in the world, all of HFT, etc.? Yep, we'll need luck to leverage the best platform to push us into the future. Thanks!
Not just cheaper, but faster, too. Before Linux really took off, there was a time when it was starting to look like Windows was going to become the only player in town. I kept trying to make a case for Unix (that is, Solaris back then) and the deeper I dug the less convincing my case became. Sun & Irix hardware was orders of magnitude more expensive with worse performance than PCs no matter how I measured it. You can go on and on (and I tried) about how the hardware architecture is upgradeable, how it’s more fault tolerant, how it’s better tuned to the OS, but at the end of the day the only thing the Sun hardware had going for it was you could run the Unix toolchain on it.
To make anything work you’d have to install the whole GNU ecosystem in a build root which became old pretty quickly.
Solaris from what I recall was opinionated in the BSD vs. SysV department, in terms of what commands were provided on the shell and what their usage syntax was. GNU was more user-oriented and tried to make things familiar to everyone regardless of which camp you were from. So the GNU userspace made more people happy, and the license combined with source distribution didn't prohibit installation everywhere.
My memory is fuzzy from that era, but I clearly recall working for a software company writing control panel software to manage apache installs across both Solaris and GNU/Linux, whenever a new Sun box was spun up GNU was immediately installed so everyone could login to any machine and find it behaved more or less the same as they worked at the shell. bash, coreutils, gcc, all the goodies, you couldn't make your x86 GNU/Linux boxes look like Solaris for everyone, but you could go the other direction trivially. Sun was basically user-hostile, GNU makes it very apparent, especially in the transition period.
Apparently on their Oracle-hate rage, everyone is eager that besides an initial offer from IBM, later withdrawn, no other company bothered one second to buy Sun assets.
So had Oracle not bought them, even the later killed products would have died on the spot, and in spite of their openness, as talking is cheap, no one else would actually bother to pick them up.
Naturally hating Oracle is easier.
Also a bunch of random things in section 2 of your Linux manpages started out as Sun-introduced APIs back in the day.
But a bunch of stuff has been ported or integrated elsewhere. Zfs runs well out of the box on freebsd and as a module on linux. "Containers" are a big thing now where zones might have applied. Etc.
We've definitely regressed despite the buzzwords and hype.
At the time, many UNIX vendors were sparing, warring even. But Solaris is one of the best, purest SVR4 implementations. On top of that it had a very unique and excellent driver model (one of the first), true multi-threaded kernel, and extremely good compiler. And it ran on an extremely well designed post-RISC CPU (UltraSparc). CDE was ... not really the point...
Sadly, while it powered that dot-com bubble, that success led to the failure when $50,000 Sun workstations and servers became available for $0.01.
If you're going to fail that is the honest way to do so, in my book.
I'm glad Linux (and not Oracle) killed it, for all its faults, it's a much better foundation for the future.
I never liked dtrace either, and much prefer the direction eBPF is going. ZFS I'm ambivalent about, but I find that on average it's more trouble than it's worth.
Huh, that wasn't my impression at all - for a long while wasn't it much safer to have unprivileged untrusted users on Solaris than on Linux? (that is, Linux quite frequently had local privilege escalations, I thought Solaris didn't?)
I guess "security" is a broad term, what sort of security?
https://www.cvedetails.com/product/32658/?q=Suse+Linux+Enter...
The code execution vulnerabilities from 2013 seem to be from third-parry products (pip, squid, etc.) What part of these links should I be looking at?
"Indy: an Indigo without the 'go'". -- Mark Hughes (?)
https://yarchive.net/risks/sgi_irix.html
ZFS provides features that other file systems have yet to provide, eg full COW, snapshots etc.
Linux is great, I use it every day and its solid in a cloud environment. But to say its clean inside the kernel is a mistake. It reflects its development model, messy, with management by consensus and a benevolent dictator in Linus.
But don't call something a "pile of crap" without evidence or condemn engineering in the 90s with 20/20 (or 2019) hindsight.
2.6 was good.
Zones, ZFS were technically fantastic but customers didn't care much.
Everything else was bad or not competitive.
https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
GNU/Linux, BSD Unix, and MacOSX slowly took marketshare away from Sun/Oracle. Expensive SPARCStations no longer were affordable.
http://www.w6rz.net/solaris_iphone.png
* If you are upper level management at Blue Chip company "Initech", the last thing you want to be dealing with is a smaller B2B provider, with a hipster name like "Data Badger". Being smaller means more risk (not necessarily but thats the culture). You want the big safe boring companies.
* Big corporates are still wined and dined by Oracle's sales teams etc. Yes you might have to do your mandatory HR training about bribes and corporate gifts, but this stuff still happens under the table. Its business, it might not be ethical, but its business.
* Cronyism etc. management tends to circulate around companies closely connected with each other. A Microsoft manager might float to Vodafone or JP Morgan. When they get there, they are more likely to throw any of their old MS colleagues a bone when it comes to service contracts etc. This is why networking is so important in LinkedIn for corporate careerism.
* Did I mention sales already, yes, but these big companies have large sales and marketing budgets. Those buzzwords are expensive you know!
* Those sales and marketers target managers and people with a high influence / low technical understand co-efficient. Don't get me wrong there are smart managers out there that know their stuff however they are generally a rareity. So they tend to drink the kool-aid from the big tech corporates e.g. "Hey Bob, I think Microsoft's Foobar Cloud Hypervisor, can streamline our data acquisition and increase synergy in the business".
* When you take your first hit of Oracle's software or services, you are effectively tied into service contracts which make it painful to leave but easy to extend. You might spend £200million for a 5 year contract, then three years in you see a new technology offering for an extra £4million etc. That's relatively pennies to what you've already sunk into the service contract.
* Marketing and branding which you picked up on in your post. There is a reason you see IBM or Oracle advertised a lot in the Financial Times, Economist, New Scientist etc.
Hope this explains why Oracle et al. are dominent in the industry.
hahaha! Thats a great name for a company :-)
:-)
Also, there is the similarly themed https://dbeaver.io/
A great, open source tool btw.
It's next to impossible to wean yourself away from these products in many jurisdictions.
Even Google runs Oracle. And Amazon did till recently.
ZFS on Linux, the dubiously licensed mess that it is, now drives most of the bug tracking and patches.
Joyent, once deeply committed to illumos, is now primarily a Linux company, because Samsung has no particular need to hold onto Solaris.
Solaris is even sadder and deader today than the author foresaw :(