Ask HN: What happens to the global financial system if the USA has a coup?

33 points by bwb ↗ HN
What do you think will happen to the global financial system if the United States has an actual coup in 2024?

I am curious what smart people think (hopefully someone with an economics background who studies this type of thing when they happen to other countries).

Background: It looks likely that far-right secretaries of state and governors will be elected in 2022 and in position to disrupt the 2024 presidential election. I hope this is unlikely but given the power they wield it also is "possible".

My main questions are:

What happens to the dollar as a reserve currency? How quick if there are changes would you anticipate those being made?

How does this impact the American and global economy the next month / year from your POV?

50 comments

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Part of the world with give the euro a go (Swiss franc too small). Some will bite down hard and either keep using the US dollar or switch to the Chinese yuan. Political baggage in such a scenario for the latter currencies. Perhaps coup isn’t as much of a fear/problem than the chance of repudiating us debt.
IDK much, and I can't speak to reserve currency status, but in your given scenario I'd expect huge capital transfers. Volatility would be the bet there. You'd be crazy to bet against churn. Traditional value investors would get torched, albeit more slowly torched than growth.

However the USA has an underappreciated stability-focused foundation which helps power its tight historic focus on systems of subjective ethics. You'd think the ethics would push the stability around, but IMO it's the exact reverse. So I personally look around and I see lots of stability-focused people mostly looking to buy the dip and get on with their lives the best way they know how (the united way).

A similar lesson is true with the USA and economic growth. The lesson people are taking out of high gas prices and inflation isn't "the system is broken, so what needs to happen is..." (objective) so much as "stop messing with my life, what I need is..." (subjective) and this latter position rewards government stability.

From a technical perspective the top charts for the US economy are showing an expected relief period, comparable to the duty cycle concept.

Crypto growth, even given the USD-exit mindset, correlates amusingly well with bull markets for US economic growth leaders. I'd say there is at least some considerable disincentive to desire a coup, on the crypto-focused side, for that reason alone, even if the USD or reserve currency concept is annoying.

I see considerable technical reasons to expect US markets to come out very strong after the current breather. There are some massively impressive businesses and tech behind this as well, and businesses are learning to take better care of employees, broadly speaking.

Plus right now we are right in the middle of a panic-focused news cycle so there is systemic bias looking in that direction on even a month-to-month level. Sector rotation seems normal as well.

Tons of new traders and even retail investors are also looking to BTD ASAP which also says a lot. They saw how COVID turned out and want to position for another springboard for personal returns.

Just some thoughts...

The real worry is what happens when countries reallocate away from US treasury bonds? If the US/allies can just decide to confiscate Russia's assets, every country has to be looking at an alternative
Are any countries actually looking for an alternative except Russia? I feel you are projecting because you don't like the US standing up to the war against Ukraine
IMO, both you guys make excellent points. You're both right!

> The real worry is what happens when countries reallocate away from US treasury bonds? If the US/allies can just decide to confiscate Russia's assets, every country has to be looking at an alternative

With the US effectively having control over global market monetary flow via multiple means, I don't see other countries having too much choice there. They can absolutely diversify, sure, but I don't think they can ever fully reallocate away, at least not without "forking" the international order (such as it is) nearly in its entirety, and anyone trying that would never accomplish their objectives, just too much risk for too low-probability of success. Besides, nobody's crazy enough to dump the world's richest economy entirely.

Though I would say that unless the extreme wealth inequality problem gets smoothed out by sometime in the next ~30-50 years or so, probably not even that long, we'll DEFINITELY see a MASSIVE DROP in foreign investment because there won't be anyone here with enough money to buy anything anymore.

We've already seen huge reductions in consumer discretionary spending just in the last 6 months (war, pandemic recovery, consequences of treasure injecting tons of money into the economy, inflation, etc.). Food, energy, housing: you can't choose not to have any of these, not realistically. Which means cost increases there force cut-backs anywhere that IS optional (eating out, entertainment, charitible donations, vacations, etc.). My rent, for example, for a shoddy 1br, jumped from apprx $750/m to nearly $1000! And this is in a craptastic area, too! Others have had even larger jumps in cost of housing.

The politicians tell us businesses invest where there's low taxes; that's bullshit. Businesses invest where PEOPLE BUY THEIR STUFF. But if US citizens no longer have enough money left over to buy things, why the hell would anybody invest in the US?

So yeah, either we address this wealth inequality problem now, or we'll be FORCED to address it later when mobs start to gather because there's no food, no jobs, and no other options.

> Are any countries actually looking for an alternative except Russia?

I'd think China would be looking for not just one, but a handfull of trading partners to essentially "replace" the US, especially if those countries are somewhat more malleable when it comes to China's influence on their foreign and domestic policymaking. If China can groom and invest in a sorta "cabal" of various countries, that offers them a significant hedge against US volatility and insulates them against trade disruption with us while providing an eventually-equivalent investment vehicle, even if they do need half a century or more to build it up. Those folks think in terms of decades, centuries, and generations unlike us with our next-quarter shareholder earnings reports and such...

Following that line of thinking, consider the various countries all over the world that the US has alienated with decades of...questionable...foreign policy. Much of Central and South America comes to mind, along with the middle east and parts of Asia. China has a real opportunity there to build out a major geopolitical partnership amongst many nations in those regions, and with wealth transfer from the US toward China over the last ~35-50 years already having taken place, there's definitely capital to flow from China to those other places, and therefore incentive for those other countries to play ball - by China's rules, not ours.

And if another major player on the world stage, a UN Security Council member no less, offers those smaller, struggling economies that alternative option? Oh hell yes they'll be looking and interested. And with things being really bad in some of the aforementioned places, they'll have no choice but to jump in with both feet. Not much of a concern in the short to medium term, ...

> you don't like the US standing up to the war against Ukraine

where did anyone say this mrman big brain

I think we've recently had two "bloodless" coups, one in 2000 and one in 2016. In both cases, the loser, the one that did not receive the most votes, was made President. The result seems to be deregulation leading to global financial crisis.
Except these situations followed the rules of our democracy. They were legal transfers of power.

Compare to the outgoing president’s attempt to overturn a fair election after the 2020 election. That one was a coup attempt.

The rules of democracy do not permit fraud, which is exactly how Republicans get elected. Bush did not win in Florida in 2000, the recount was stopped and the FL Supreme Court incorrectly declared Bush winner. Eventually we learned that Gore won FL by over 20K votes.

A President winning the Electoral College and losing the popular vote has only occurred 5 times. Two of them were Bush and Trump.

All our presidents have been corrupt as all get-out. If those are the leaders of coups, those are some pretty tame and un-revolutionary coups.
The first 6 US Presidents were decent, incorruptible men. Also, Abraham Lincoln is notable for his suffering, winning the Civil War and freeing the slaves. And, regardless of politics, anyone can see Jimmy Carter is a saint. He could be the first and last US President to be beatified and canonized... but let's hope it will be awhile before that occurs.
I'm talking about recent presidents, especially the ones you claim came to power as result of a coup.
What happened in FL 2000 was pretty insane and more insane for Supreme Court to enable it.
Your argument boils down to "under a different set of rules, someone else would have won". So what? That's not fraud; that's rules you lost fair and square under.
Ok, what study calculated over 20K votes? The various studies mentioned in wikipedia never go above 1,000 votes, no matter how they look at the ballots.
I've heard murmurs about this, but never seen an evidenced report. Could you provide some links for further reading?
Maybe he is referring to the video evidence showing suitcases with ballots being removed from under a table which seemed to be counted without the presence of watchers? I do seem to remember that video doing the rounds, this happened in Georgia if I'm not mistaken. The videos are probably still available somewhere.

As an outsider I don't have that much skin in the game when it comes to elections in the USA - not 'no skin' since we here in Europe are exposed in many ways to the rise and fall of the USA as a major economical and military power. I do get the impression that the media in the USA are extremely partisan and mostly seem to side with the DNC position. Especially the major news publishers - whether they be publishing in print like the NYT and WaPo or via cable and 'net like CNN and MSNBC - seem to act like they are the communications division of the DNC instead of independent publishers. The recent departure of the Whitehouse press secretary to one of those networks only serves to underline this all-too-close relationship. This makes it hard to talk about 'fair' elections given that a sizeable percentage of the population depend on these outlets for their information.

Partisan media is not a problem limited to the USA but it is exacerbated by what is in effect a two-party system which has split the media market into a "Democrat" and "Republican" side with the former seemingly being dominant.

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Are you really suggesting that winning the electoral college vote but not the popular vote is akin to a coup? This is a very dangerous notion. They followed the rules of the land and there was peaceful transfer of power. Please don't exaggerate in this manner, it is not acting in good faith.
The problem here is not the Electoral College, though it does have issues. In 2000 Bush only "won" due to the fraudulent actions of Florida Republicans, including FL Secretary of State, Katherine Harris. We see the same exact shenanigans during the 2016 election with Republicans in state power invalidating mail in ballet votes, preventing Blacks and minorities from voting, etc. Nearly every election we see Republican shenanigans, trying to stifle minorities from voting and desperately invalidating votes for Democrats.

By and large the problem is with the Republicans, who have been in minority for more than 20 years, and executing their own "minority rule" by whatever means necessary, including using absurd falsehoods and outright fraud. If DC and Puerto Rico were granted statehood, which is only Constitutional and fair, we'd never see another Republican President ever again, nor a Republican controlled Senate.

Conversely, if everyone always voted in their personal economic interests, we'd never see another Republican elected to any office, anywhere. But as it is, 99% of the Republican Party always votes adversely to their personal economic interests, whether it be for economically irrelevant distractions such as abortion or 2nd Amendment issues, or for the delusion that someday they will be rich, and voting in the interests of the rich at their own economic expense.

It really is absurd, especially because Republican administrations are responsible for all the economic recessions in the last 45 years.

Wake up people! Stop propping up the rich at the expense of your own personal economic interests! If you earn less than $400K/yr, you are a fool to vote Republican, and you are hurting America, and yourself.

You mean a constitutional coup? We had that in 2000. Higher volatility. That’s about it.
Come on, we did not. The EC came down to one state. The one state came down to a close vote. It would have been controversial either way. It was a close election, and everything after the point of interpreting that vote result went through the normal process.

A coup would be where there's a clear convincing result pointing one way, and then the other thing happens.

> The one state came down to a close vote

You stopped telling the story at the moment the GP was referring to as a coup. I'll complete the story:

The EC came down to one state. The one state came down to a very close vote. When there is a very close vote a recount should be conducted. A recount began but was halted with help from one candidate's brother and was declared in that candidate's favour.

I agree, but that was beside the point. The SC ruling was lousy. But there is no evidence that the election was clearly and convincingly won by Gore. The AP recount afterward demonstrated otherwise, anyway (edit: by which I mean the standard of recount requested by Gore's camp: Bush still would have won). It was a lousy expression of democracy and you can even say it was a corrupt SC ruling, but it wasn't a coup.
The Supreme Court also had a major role here. That was a 5-4 decision where the wife of one of the jurors was actively working for Bush's campaign/administration; said juror refused to recuse himself. Maybe that's the moment "even the appearance of impropriety" left the political phrasebook.
> The Supreme Court also had a major role here. That was a 5-4 decision where the wife of one of the jurors was actively working for Bush's campaign/administration

“Justices” not “jurors”.

While you are technically correct ("the best kind of correct!"), that distinction does not absolve the individual of their obvious conflict of interest.

...nor does that conflict of interest in and of itself, entirely alone, prove that the decision reached was incorrect, wrong, or an act of corruption or malice.

That was mortifying. Thanks for the correction.
You also left out part of the story.

Gore wanted to selectively recount. Recount this county, but not that one. The Supreme Court shot that down 7-2. The SC also ruled, 5-4, that Florida couldn't keep recounting forever - that, in fact, they had run out of time to do so. (Imagine if in 2021, on January 6, states were still recounting and not ready to report results, and you can see the problem.)

Both parties more or less let Wall Street run so it wouldn't change much. A civil war would be a different story but that's much less likely.
Generally the stock market would probably do very well over the medium term.

More corporate profits due to:

dismantling the EPA, FDA, all that federal land that will get turned over to corporations.

The states will have to lower their environmental, consumer, employment regulations to compete with other states for campaign donations I mean jobs from the mega corporations.

Political parties win and lose all the time. If you look at what the winners get done, it’s often not that much.

The bureaucracy kinda runs most of the day to day.

Losing reserve status would be an exception. Look at the strength of the Ruble now. Look at where all the oil tankers in middle east are heading for delivery.

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> far-right

The left has gone so far left, that the right feels "far"

> actual coup

> will be elected

An election is not a coup just because you disagree with the elected peoples' views.

Not the same elections. There are people running for state positions now who say that in future elections, they will overturn the results in favor of their party's side if the future election doesn't go their way.

The coup isn't the current election, it's the future one in which the votes of the people are thrown out.

Note also the people on the Democrat side who claimed that the election of 2016 was invalid. They were fewer in number and didn't get any traction, and they didn't do anything, just shot their mouths off. Still, it's concerning that both sides have people who are willing to go down that road.

Imagine that in 2024, Trump runs again. (Please, God, no!) And imagine that he wins - legitimately, genuinely wins, with no funny business in any state. Are the Democrats going to accept it? Or are they going to say, no, that's illegitimate, because all these states have extreme Republicans fudging the numbers?

Now imagine that it's the exact same scenario, except that Trump wins because those people fudge the numbers.

Will you be able to tell which scenario actually happened?

That's why the Democrats crying "illegitimate" in 2016 was so bad. They cried wolf when there wasn't one.

(Nothing in this post is intended to deny or minimized the insanity and the moral bankruptcy of the Republicans' response to Trump's 2020 loss.)

I think some people genuinely see the world differently. They label differences in opinions and preferences outright aggression and violence (see "silence is violence"). People are so radical and extreme these days it's no longer okay to just not be on the opposite side, you have to prove that you're serious about being on the same side.
Personally I would be emotionally and in other ways devastated but nothing from a financial system perspective would change in the initial month/year timeframe. Business as usual.

What happens over the 10 year timeframe as the wheels of power are spun in potentially radically different directions is impossible to project with any fidelity but I would be receptive to predictions of a "slowly then all at once" variety.

[edit] Will also say that I think there is a bright line difference between a "coup" and a corrupted election process.

We saw an attempt at a coup on Jan 6. We have had corrupted election processes in the small since there have been elections, and in a couple of cases potentially in the medium.

A successful coup, despite Jan 6, to my jaundiced eyes, is very unlikely, but would accelerate the slowly-then-suddenly shift, tho in what directions would take a book to discuss. (Trump stood down the US military in ways that were totally counter to US power/national interest and instead revealed his own corruption, etc).

A corrupted election process is likely, but would not cause much in the way of external disruption, again not until the intent of the exercise of power was more evident.

Get this crap speculation off HN. This belongs on Reddit.
>Background: It looks likely that far-right secretaries of state and governors will be elected in 2022 and in position to disrupt the 2024 presidential election. I hope this is unlikely but given the power they wield it also is "possible".

You win the "I believe everything I read on /r/politics and /r/worldnews" award of the week.

This doesn’t belong here. But I will say this: Those suggesting the world would be largely unchanged in a post-coup USA fail to grasp the scope of the ramifications. No where on the planet would be safe/unchanged. Do not go there.
How does this not belong here if it could potentially have this big of an impact? This is exactly the type of thing hackers would be curious about. We want to know how a system would react to a change in the parameters and figure out if it is useful and how so. Why would we not be curious about something like this?