Ask HN: Which books have made you a better thinker and problem solver?

354 points by newsoul ↗ HN
Your choices needn't be only math books. They can come from any discipline or genre.

When you mention any book please add a line or two as to why it made you a better thinker and problem solver.

247 comments

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Peak: Secrets from New Science of Expertise

The book is not actually about problem solving, but about deliberate practice. It is a bit tangential, but in seen problem solving as a skill, you can see how the principles in that book apply. A good book - however, like many books of this style, I find it somewhat repetitive too.

Wooldridge's Introductory Econometrics.

I don't do statistics in my day job, but having a solid foundation in the math and the theory and the proofs really had a profound impact on how I approach problem solving generally and root cause analysis specifically (just thinking about e.g. model specification and how you do it is a good exercise). It's still on my bookshelf and I'll pull it out and do a problem set from time to time just to stay sharp - even though, again, I don't do this for my job. Maybe, one day, I'll get a job with a baseball team or something. Understanding heteroskedasticity for example is one of those things where once you "get it", it really opens your eyes to a lot of things and you can't "unsee" it.

PS there are packages in R nowadays but back in the day we used STATA.

PPS if people don't like Wooldridge, what else would you recommend?

Edit: I know you said "Your choices needn't be only math books" but this is a statistics textbook, so it probably doesn't count as "math".

Atlas Shrugged for reasons I will not disclose.
I used to think Atlas Shrugged was a great book, same way I used to think Fight Club was the greatest movie ever made.

Both are still fun though.

Both Atlas Shrugged and Fountainhead, can be great creativity catalysts if read in your younger years. Though the rage fades as you age and come to grips with the reality and unfairness of life. They are still great books to read.

Fight Club is another great movie as well.

“There are two novels that can change a bookish fourteen-year old’s life: The Lord of the Rings and Atlas Shrugged. One is a childish fantasy that often engenders a lifelong obsession with its unbelievable heroes, leading to an emotionally stunted, socially crippled adulthood, unable to deal with the real world. The other, of course, involves orcs."

[Kung Fu Monkey -- Ephemera, blog post, March 19, 2009]

Only 3 books (or set of books…):

Zero to One by Peter Thiel: philosophy for building companies and future.

Steve Jobs Biography by Walter Isaacson: a life of one of if not the most influential founder of our time.

Incerto 5-Book Set (Black Swan and Antifragile included) by Nassim Nicholas Taleb: how to understand and win in life, literally.

«Systems thinking» by Levenchuk.

Masterful distillation of the most important parts of current systems engineering and systems management into a broadly applicable systems thinking approach.

The book is now reworked to a course and is currently free: https://eem.institute/open-endedness/systems-thinking/

TBH I read the original (in Russian), and English translation does not seem to be of stellar quality.

Have you taken the program, or any of its courses? Can I reach out to you to chat about your experiences?
I have. Sure, the contacts are in the profile.
I see the course but not the Book? Can you point me to it please?
The course is exactly book + exercises.

I don't see a downloadable file of the english version of the book available anywhere, alas.

From a software engineering standpoint:

- Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (doing all the exercises is key). This book helped me think about how programs run, how state is stored, how you can build out asynchronous computation, and how you can build your own languages.

- Designing Data Intensive Applications. This book profoundly changed how I think about application performance and data. It describes so much about different kinds databases and query languages, that now I feel like I've got a big picture view of the whole industry.

- Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality. This book really taught me to think rationally and logically. I think I really did not understand the scientific method until this book.

never thought i'd see someone mention HPMoR on HN :D
I read it recently (and then re-read it twice within a few months), after seeing it referenced here on HN. Seems very much on-brand, and I'm surprised it took me so long to see it referenced.
Strange, the only place I only ever see someone mention hpmor is on HN. In fact, I first heard it from here.
HPMoR seems to be a very popularly disliked fanfiction, judging by r/HPFanfiction
I came here to comment HPMoR. It's a little embarrassing because the book is very cringey at times, full of itself, and for those who care, quite sexist. But it has some incredible lessons in how to think rationally, especially in situations where most people don't believe you or are very used to doing things a certain way even when that way has bad consequences.

My favorite part of the book is when Harry goes around trying to collect the signatures of people who believe (on flimsy evidence and against their better judgement) that another character has committed attempted murder. Their refusal to directly advertise their beliefs (thus subjecting themselves to later scrutiny if they're proven wrong) is a direct reflection of how people in real society like to take intellectual and strategic positions without accepting any of the risk or responsibility of being wrong.

It's so embarassing and cringey I couldn't manage to read it at all. I've had more luck with Yudkowsky's other book, Rationality: From AI to Zombies[0], which I've rather enjoyed.

[0]: https://www.readthesequences.com/

Why exactly is being cringey and full of itself fine as a criticism, but being sexist needs its special little carveout "for those who care?"
Using a special little carveout theoretically satisfies two groups of people:

1) Those who won't engage with material if it's sexist

2) Those who think other people are stupid for not engaging with material if it's sexist

As an example, I could write:

> Because the book is very cringey at times and full of itself.

I've said this before, and the response was multiple times "who cares about that, what about how sexist it is? Can you believe how the female characters are written?" And then the topic of conversation is about the sexism of the author (and whether or not I can reliably identify sexism) instead of the content of the book, which is what I wanted to talk about.

I could also write:

> Because the book is very cringey at times, full of itself, and quite sexist

But then the response is either "why are you recommending it if it's sexist?" or "no it's not sexist, why would you say that?" And then the topic of conversation is again about the sexism in the book instead of the content of the book.

When things like HPMoR come up, the conversation trends towards the more controversial parts of it and less about the useful parts. I thought that using "for those who care" was enough of a lead-in to prove that I both (a) understand that the book is sexist and (b) understand that one doesn't have to ignore all of the content of a work just because it's sexist, but... apparently not.

Honestly, fair enough. I didn't initially get that out of that comment, but I can see how you meant it.
> Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (doing all the exercises is key).

I tried this, but got stuck on the first exercise that had you prove some mathematical thing. I concluded that I was too stupid for the book.

You may want to check out the book Concrete Abstractions, I found it helped me with the maths I was lacking for SICP.
Thanks for the recommendation.
>I concluded that I was too stupid for the book.

Never assume anything like this.

You just need different approaches to study different subjects.

Here is an approach which works for me which you might also find useful. There is too much out there to Study and Time is limited so the first thing to do is to Skim, Pick out the main Ideas/Concepts, Figure out their relevance to you and only after that revisit the Topics again if needed in Depth and doing the Exercises as needed. You need multiple passes over the subject matter, each focusing on different aspects and the last couple of passes putting everything together in a personal mental model.

You're probably right, but when you get stuck on one of the first exercises in the first chapter, it's pretty disheartening.
Here is a secret which you might find reassuring :-) Most people (including myself) don't do exercises. Merely doing exercises is overrated. What one needs to do is Read a book, follow closely any worked out examples and try and get at the essence of things; Everything else is secondary.

For example when i first read SICP years ago, i was working on Protocol State Machines and was stuck (at work) on how to design a verification framework for the same which our clients needed to satisfy themselves that our implementation worked correctly as the official specifications laid out. SICP gave me enough knowledge to understand the problem and the enthusiasm to design a simple DSL to solve the same. Thus by reading it and without doing a single exercise (nor learning Scheme well) i had a huge ROI on my Time invested in reading that book.

So have confidence in yourself, and read anything and everything that you find interesting without beating up yourself over not doing it "properly". The point is to get exposed to new concepts/ideas and gain new perspectives/insights on already known knowledge.

Thankfully there's a ton of resources out there in blogs and YouTube to explain each question and answer. I got stuck and needed to use those maybe 10% of the time at least. No shame in that.
Your third recommendation is fanfiction?
Have you read it? Judging a book by its cover is kinda like judging a book by its cover.

It definitely makes Harry a massive arse if you enjoy the original character, but once I got past that it was actually an interesting read. A lot of the concepts have stuck with me and I've gone on to look into them further.

> - Designing Data Intensive Applications

I'm curious about how to get the most out of this one. Do you have any recommendations for how to read it? e.g. did you go front-to-back?

I started a reading club at work that met once a week and we'd assign reading about 15-30 pages a week. We'd just have a unstructured chat in the meeting. Maybe I'd prompt people with "did you learn anything interesting from this section?" if people were quiet. There were often enough questions to fill the time.

Also the book could be read out of order, so I'd regularly solicit people to join when starting a new chapter. That helped keep membership to about 5-8.

Also I suggested people put reading the book in their year goals so they'd be motivated to finish.

I think about 6 of us finished the whole book.

Zen and the art of painting and An actor prepares.

These I read when I was a young art student. I learned a lot from the way they mapped the interior process of creative thought.

Principles by Ray Dalio.

It helps you apply systematic thinking to get the best out of complex situations in life.

The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis - Richard Heuer

  - Concise introduction of how the mind works, biases, dealing with uncertainty, critical thinking, and dealing with complexity.
The Pyramid Principle - Barbara Minto

  - Logic in writing and thinking.
The Almanack of Naval Ravikant - Eric Jorgenson

  - Inspiration for better thinking.
fs.blog

  - Mental models, better thinking, decision making.
I also recommended another Heuer's book in this thread! Apparently, he's onto something, or intelligence analysis in general requires a lot of introspection about your ways of thinking (I'm not an analyst, but it was intriguing to learn about their mindset).
fs.blog -> nice one, subscribed. Thnx
They also have three books that are available as audiobooks on Audible. Volume 1 in particular is fantastic.

https://fs.blog/books/

Very nice... Canadian guy with a very level headed interviewing style.
This might sound odd for those who know it, but the "48 Laws of Power" I've always felt worth recommending. It gives insight into how the power-hungry think and act, and is a valuable tool for helping to recognizing when a sociopathic/narcissistic person is trying to manipulate or undermine you. I think it crumbled away some of that social naivety I used to have, but in a good way. It made me more empathetic to people who's motives I previously would have failed to understand, and think more clearly about how I approach situations with people who don't have my best interests at heart. In short, it's a great book for making you think deeper and come up with solutions in the social realm.

Interestingly enough, I recommended it to a few friends of mine who quite clearly to me had toxic partners. In both instances, they thanked me for the book recommendation and took action to remove those people from their lives. Especially in relationships, it's good to have a frame of reference to tell whether someone truly has your best interest at heart, or they just want power over you and use your good nature to get that.

Keep in mind that the book is written in such a way to sound like your getting an education in politics from a full-blown psychopath, but once you get past that there's a lot of worth to be found.

Having read that book, I can agree with this a lot.

The book is amazing at teaching you to solve problems, as it helps you analyze and understand the behavior of others.

It teaches you both what to do and what not to do in any given situation, but it also teaches you how to spot those who play the game of power as well.

It's a tool that not only helps you obtaining/maintaining power, but also how to take away power from others.

The principles in the book can mostly be applied to other things as well.

This is an interesting take. Having read the book, I find that following its instructions would only yield relationships with people who aren't necessarily worth your time. Smart people are usually rather adept at detecting manipulative behavior. I concur, the best use for the book is the one you described.
After reading that book, I look at influential people so differently now.
If you liked that book, you should read the original sources from which Robert Greene derived his (too simplified) work viz. the works of Baltasar Gracian, Machiavelli, Francesco Guicciardini, Baldassare Castiglione etc.

These are far more nuanced and all-encompassing books on what i call "Worldly Wisdom" i.e. dealing with the World as is rather than how you would like it to be. These sort of books are some of my favourites that i constantly keep going back to.

Plato: Theaetetus, Charmides, Apology

And Aristotle's metaphysics and Nicomachean ethics

They had an integrated understanding of the different kinds of knowledge and the phenomenology of the mind and the resulting errors we tend to make.

And since their traditions were esoteric, it's a nice challenge to read them critically to get what they're pointing at.

For those sniffing that these aren't mathematical models or category theories, realize that the entire family of logic can only tell you what's not possible. The real action in thinking is topologically sorting what's relevant, and that mostly depends on understanding yourself and others.

However, reading them is an exercise in frustration without a good classics scholar; they are rare and getting rarer.

Masters of Doom. It’s the story of two renowned game developers, John Karmack and John Romero, and how they built id Software, the video game company that profoundly changed PC gaming and graphics. I was writing software for enterprise / consulting companies at the time (early phase of my career). This book opened my eyes to the crazy/wonderful/scary world of ‘startups’, the idea that people can bring their passion into writing software and start a business or movement. I joined a startup (nothing to do gaming) and never looked back.
Very motivational book. It's a good illustration for the value of technical excellence and, well, single-minded obsession when building something great.
This was a great book. And the audiobook was superb. And I'm not even a gamer. I recommend it all the time.
This is also one of my favorite books. As someone who grew up playing Quake this book has one of the best possible combinations of material combined into 1 book (business, life stories, relatable games, nostalgia, etc.).
Highly recommend masters of doom. I’ve read through it a couple of times and find it motivational.

I grew up playing Wolf3D and quake games, and in general have admiration for what they were able to build. So I am not sure if people without that context will feel the same way about the book though :)

After finishing this I have been reading Fabian Sanglard’s books on Wolfenstein and Doom which helped make some of the ideas concrete. I’m not even that into games but just reading about how they had to optimize games for slow hardware is really interesting.
In a similar vein: the making of prince of Persia.

You really see the highs and the lows in this book about the developing of prince of Persia. It is structured as a diary, so you can see other interests (learning Spanish, becoming a script writer). It is a good insight at how long developing something real feels IMO.

I'd argue that not reading, but doing/implementing/experimenting with things made me a better problem solver. If you "just" read on a topic you will maybe learn to recite what you know, but you will not yet be able to differentiate between different solutions or give reason why a solution is good or not. Of course reading or attending a class is a very good starting point, but it's not the way i learned thinking or solving problems.
I'd argue that this is like saying "not sharpening the saw, but cutting wood makes you a better lumberjack"

For example, learning sorting by doing is a waste of time, it will take you years to "experiment" yourself into quicksort.

Learning and applying what you learned is the key.

Yes I don't think you can divorce learning from practice, where excellence is the goal.
Basic Economics by Thomas Sowell.

Spent a few years trying to figure out how Help people without trying to force businesses to do what’s right.

Anytime I hear a new fiscal policy or laws idea I can usually figure out if it’s going to work or cause problems

https://www.amazon.com/Basic-Economics-Thomas-Sowell/dp/0465...

I'll add Economics in One Lesson by Henry Hazlitt. It provides an introduction to economics from an Austrian point of view, and dispells many common economic fallacies. A big takeaway for me is that the consequences of policies, such as providing loans to certain groups of farmers, have consequences that we cannot forsee.

https://www.amazon.com/Economics-One-Lesson-Shortest-Underst...

Knowledge and Decisions by the same is also a great book.
John Rawls: A theory of justice. It's attempt to derive a theory of justice (obv.) using methods borrowed from analytic philosophy was hugely influential. Whether you agree with Rawls' conclusions or not it's a brilliant, meticulously argued book, albeit incredibly dense.
(comment deleted)
I am reading Rawls’ followup book, “Justice as Fairness”, which he describes as a kind of restatement or correction to Theory of Justice. I am not sure if it would have been better to read the original first.

The idea of the Veil of Ignorance for deriving fundamental principles of justice is now one of the most fundamental ideas in my own moral philosophy.

Yes! While I'm often suspicious of simplistic models like the Veil of Ignorance, it's really among the best in western philosophy: it's easy to understand, and its implications are compelling and clear.

The concept also carries a kind of common-sense appeal that practically bridges the gap between "is" and "ought." Maybe it bears some relationship to human instincts for social behavior and empathy -- is there any literature that describes such a relationship?

> common-sense appeal that practically bridges the gap between "is" and "ought."

That intrigues me, because if there's one thing that is particularly tiresome about Socialists it's that they invoke Hegel to rationalize everything they want and propose.

There is no necessity of a gap between "is" and "ought" - the assumption that there is presumes that either things are not ordered towards an end or that we cannot known that end. But that's clearly wrong. See Socrates' discourse with the slave boy in Meno and the universal desire for justice and happiness that all human beings posses.
> But that's clearly wrong.

Woefully lacking in details here.

> See Socrates' discourse with the slave boy in Meno and the universal desire for justice and happiness that all human beings posses.

What part would you like more elucidation of?

One descriptive theory of morality is Moral Foundations Theory[0]. Jonathan Haidt introduces it in his popular book The Righteous Mind[1].

My current thinking is that, since normative principles (what ought to be) cannot be demonstrated to be universally true, the best we can do is demonstrate that they are consistent with our core instincts and motives. For example, being generous to others is not right based on some external principle, but because if I had sufficient emotionally maturity, security, and insight I would recognize that my deepest desires extend far beyond immediate gratification of my physical desires.

[0]: https://moralfoundations.org/ [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Righteous_Mind

I couldn’t finish The Righteous Mind (too dry) but Moral Foundations Theory (and the examples in the book) has made a profound impact on my understanding of perspectives I disagree with, and generally made me much more empathetic and inquisitive when I encounter such perspectives. Really powerful stuff.
Yes, the veil of ignorance (original position) is a very important idea. It doesn't come from Rawls though. Both Vickrey and Harsanyi wrote about it earlier (and perhaps better, since they didn't introduce implausible assumptions like infinite risk aversion).
I got a minor in philosophy in college and we read this book for one of my classes. At the time it was one of the hardest books I'd ever read. But someday I'll go back and reread it.
It’s not a book, but I revisit Munger’s Psychology of Human Misjudgment nearly every year to remind me of the various biases that we are all susceptible to and to hopefully keep them at bay as much as possible. Link:

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5ca3e714d74562b554c38...

This sounds great, but isn't this -

> hopefully keep them at bay as much as possible

...wishful thinking, or symptom management, rather than cutting at the root of the issue (less than rational thinking)? Would be happy to be corrected here.

Basically, it’s remembering to take a step back when thinking through a thorny problem, be it interpersonal, business, or technical, and asking yourself “are one of the big biases at work here?”. It has also informed some of my work habits. For example, I’m less likely now to share investment ideas with more than a couple close associates so that I’m less likely to suffer from commitment and consistency bias.
I recently got hooked onto Munger and his thoughts. Fascinating.

Read this and heard his speeches, took detailed notes and am going through berkshire's annual meeting recordings since 1994 and it's surprising how many of these concepts reflect in warren and charlie's decisions, answers and thought processes.

I'm going to be spending more time on this.

I don't think I learn much from books. They're good for exposure and direction but haven't made so much an impact on the things I've internalized that let me think about and solve problems.

What has done the most for me is actually running into lots of problems and solving them by digging deep, finding the cause, and a good way to solve it. One thing that's been invaluable is the idea that any problem can be solved, any system can be understood (as well as necessary to solve a problem), and that everything is fair game and in scope for solving the problem (thinking outside the box? there's only the box you put yourself in).

Nowadays, I'm mostly learning how to better explain the thought processes behind good software engineering that is all about tradeoffs and not about following rules or applying patterns without assessing applicability.

Another superpower is always to think of the simplest thing that will work. Avoid using fancy words or creating abstractions that make software seem sophisticated and complex when unnecessary. That only lowers the limit of how complex a problem you can solve. If you get really good at thinking and solving problems in simple ways, you can solve much more complex ones when called for.

I would suggest an entirely different path: play Go, the board game. The rules are incredibly few and easy to learn. The tactics and strategy limited only by imagination and ability to count/execute while balancing priorities (important vs urgent). Another thing that it teaches is the counter-productivity of ego. There's odd parallel I've noticed where getting good at Go makes you better at other things and vice versa. I've taken a year or more off playing and when returning to the game, find I quickly get back to my past level and beyond. Alternatively, if a bit masochistic play StarCraft 2 ladder ;-)

Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance. Good take on what is quality vs function and form.

Art of War. Good example of a creature to last a damn long time.

Like many others, Not books but writing my thoughts made me a better evaluator of them.
> The Inmates Are Running the Asylum: Why High Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity

This book changed the way I think about user experience as a developer. I’m not a designer at all but when building a UI I try to think of it from a user perspective now because of this book.

Bad Science by Ben Goldacre. The knowledge in the book is more mainstream now than in 2008, but it gave me more "tools" to understand the fields of medicine and nutrition as a consumer.
Against Method. I had an incredibly rigid understanding of how to do science that was more performative, but Feyerabend opened my mind to approaching my exploratory research in a more chaotic and creative manner.
It's not luck by Eli Goldratt. Where he introduces the logical thinking processes he used to develop his theory of constraints. It was graphs (links and nodes) to structure our reasoning.

Then if you like it go to: The logical thinking processes; A systems approach to complex problem solving by Dettmer.

And finally if you need to improve not only you thinking but that of a group in an open discussion go to: Dialog Mapping by Cocklin

Not any particular book but: Studying mathematics and physics has greatly improved my thinking and problem solving abilities.

Already a semester or two (of real analysis, linear algebra, experimental physics, theoretical physics) would get one very far I think.

As for books, https://theoreticalminimum.com/ might be a great starting point.

I often say to people that the most important thing physics gave me was being comfortable not knowing something. My math and physics education have 100% changed the way I think and address problems in life, despite not going into a physics career.

Since it is a book thread:

The Information: James Gleick - really made me take a step back to think about what information is and how we talk about it

Reinventing Discovery: Michael Nielsen - It was some years back now but I had trouble reading it because I kept having to write things down or read about a new idea the book just put into my head. It really was thought provoking at the time.

10 points for James Gleick's The Information. Both that and Chaos blew my tiny little mind.
[Addendum] …or, generally, any book about back-of-the-envelope calculations (or Fermi estimates). I heard there are some great ones.
I'd be interested in recommendations about books like this.