Ask HN: Is it just me or is 5G strictly worse than LTE?

295 points by apitman ↗ HN
I feel like signal is lower in general, and I run into a lot more cases where connections seem to hang entirely. In theory 5G should offer a lot more bandwidth, but I don't remember ever being bandwidth-limited on LTE. 20Mbps is plenty on my phone. Same for latency. I'm not playing FPS games on my phone.

5G seems worse, but I used to work on a physical layer wireless technology and it might be placebo knowing that the higher frequencies used for 5G don't go as far or penetrate as effectively.

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Are you using T-mobile or another provider that uses them?

My 5G connection is trash, but I just switched up Google Fi, which is using T-Mobile's network.

Inside my apartment pictures on websites are loading like it's the early 2000's again.

I'm in a major city, I thought that would help.

I'm on Visible, which is a Verizon MVNO.
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I use both Visible and Fi (= T-mobile) on one phone, I wish there were a way to fuse the networks and switch packets with millisecond-level failovers so I don't have to keep swapping the active SIM.
There are services that offer bonding like speedify but I don't think iPhone is supported for bonding multiple cellular connections. Not sure if Android phones do. Maybe someone has experience with it?
The iPhone isn't using bleeding edge 5G and doesn't let you lock to 5G Standalone, from what I have seen on Android using 5G Standalone (which nixes bonding with LTE) gets rid of most of the jitter that causes data connection lag.

The IMS core that powers calling and texting on most cellular networks has not been upgraded to route calls and texts over 5G Standalone yet (or if so, it doesn't seem to work with the Pixel 6 or 7 on T-Mobile or AT&T), meaning most phones stay on 5G Non-Standalone which is a substandard experience.

> The IMS core that powers calling and texting on most cellular networks has not been upgraded to route calls and texts over 5G Standalone yet (or if so, it doesn't seem to work with the Pixel 6 or 7 on T-Mobile or AT&T), meaning most phones stay on 5G Non-Standalone which is a substandard experience.

This is not true. T-Mobile has been allowing voNR calls on their network for over 2 years now on SA. It's up to to the handset to have it configured in modem firmware (it is configurable on Qualcomm chipsets through EFS). AT&T appears to be allowing voNR calls since around August of last year.

As for the 5G NSA substandard experience, most phones on the market don't support SA carrier aggregation. Without that the experience sucks, This is a hardware feature you'd need a flagship phone built within past 2 years to support (new ones do 3CA, older ones do 2CA). Better to leave on NSA for these phones or stay on LTE until more spectrum refarmed to NR.

Speedify lets you bond the cellular to the wifi. It doesn’t let you use the LTE AND 5g from you phone at same time. But it does let you join another phone’s hotspot so you can combine your cellular with the other phone’s cellular.
What make and model is your phone?

Visible is a deprioritized version of Verizon's cellular network, so when your on a busy tower you will see slower speeds than postpaid Verizon Wireless customers. Verizon also happens to have the slowest network over the last few years since they have the most customers using it (nearly 130 million users) and smaller spectrum holdings than the other two major cellular networks.

Verizon also chose to deploy 5G service using spectrum sharing, so 4G and 5G speeds are very similar: https://www.zdnet.com/article/verizon-5g-dss-isnt-the-5g-you...

T-Mobile is using dedicated (and much larger sized) low and midband spectrum for their 5G connectivity, plus they have almost half as many customers, resulting in much faster speeds.

That being said 5G is still in its infancy, 5G Standalone is really needed to lower your phone's power use (so its not connecting to LTE and 5G at the same time), reduce latency and jitter, and allow 5G to stretch further for a more stable connection.

Thanks for the info.

I'm on a Pixel 7. Honestly I'd like to try disabling 5G but haven't been able to find a way yet.

They added it! It was not possible when the phone was released, but one of the updates (December maybe?) added a toggle button in settings.
Same here, on Visible. The 5g sucks, and I can't even disable it on my S22.

I made custom APN which removes 5g and it's just ignored =(

This is likely your problem.

My first question is whether you're on one of the new plans or one of the old plans. This is actually important because the old plans are provisioned differently. The old plans use Visible's cloud APN while the new plans run off Verizon's. A lot of people have complained that Visible's was pretty terrible. The old plans were $25/mo if you had Party Pay. The new plans start at $30, but don't require any hoops.

After that, I'd note that if you're not on the Visible+ plan, you are going to be on a lower QCI (Quality of Service Class Identifier) than most of the traffic on the network. So if others are using the network, you might experience slowness, lags, and hangs. Verizon's network isn't in the best capacity position in a lot of areas so this can be meaningful.

Verizon's low-band 5G is also not great since it uses dynamic spectrum sharing rather than having dedicated 5G spectrum.

If you're on one of the old Visible plans, I'd pay the extra $5 and get on one of the new plans. You'll need a new SIM card for it, but it's probably worth it to get off the cloud core that has generated a lot of complaints. If you're on the new $30 plan, it might be worth trying the $45 plan for a month and seeing if you get better results with the 50GB of premium data. After that, you should probably try T-Mobile or AT&T.

You can try AT&T for free using their 14-day free trial on Cricket (https://www.cricketwireless.com/free-trial.html, note that it's only 3GB of data) and you can test out T-Mobile for a whole 3 months if you have an eSIM device (https://www.t-mobile.com/offers/free-trial). If you can, it's definitely worth trying an alternative carrier since they're now offering free trials (Verizon also offers one for 30 days: https://www.verizon.com/support/verizon-test-drive-faqs/).

EDIT: as an aside, it's probably not that "higher frequencies used for 5G don't go as far or penetrate as effectively" simply because, unless you're on Visible+, you don't have access to any of those higher frequencies. Legacy Visible plans and the current $30 Visible plan only have access to low-band 5G using the same frequencies as LTE.

Im a 5G Google Fi user (Pixel 7) in Boston (I live in the city) and its honestly trash. There have been so many times where it says 5G but there's actually no network (maps keeps using the downloaded ones, music doesnt play etc). I finally gave up after 3 months and limited it to use LTE and have had no complaints since.
Huh, weird. I'm also on fi and I regularly get 500+mbit down/45-60 up, a handful of times I've gotten 900/80. Suburbs in major metropolitan area.
Most providers have optimized their 5G service for dense urban environments where you have direct line-of-sight (meaning no walls or even foliage) to a nearby transmitter. The idea is to improve the experience in major cities and at event centers. T-Mobile is the only provider I'm aware of that has optimized for higher performance when you're not next to a tower. They operate a long-range 5G network that is a direct upgrade from their long-range LTE service.
tmobile's also the only one with a low frequency (600 Mhz vs Ghz) 5G spectrum to do deployment in/under.
Glad I’m not the only one who thinks my cell speeds have gone down.

Maybe the tech needs time to mature? Did the switch happen too early?

Try using Cloudflare warp. If it makes a significant difference then you know the problem is traffic shaping.

Don’t use fast.com on cellular as it’ll often get throttled.

Fantastic here, but heavily area dependent, low-latency and I often see speeds above 250Mbps.

20Mbps is not enough for a phone I use for tethering. 5G home internet is a thing here now too (Australia), and in a lot of cases beats the alternative.

Wonder what the difference of electricity cost is between running your home router via 5G and wire.
Outside (and not that far outside) metro areas in Australia, this wire you speak of is unknown.

In places I’m looking to live, your choices are 5G, “Fixed Wireless NBN” which tops out at around 60-80Mbps and Starlink. I know starlink takes a lot of power.

I see some 5G New Radio routers shipping with 12 volt 1 amp power supplies, and others with 12 volt 2 amp power supplies, so 12 to 24 watts at most.

Its impressive that you can get a gigabit, WiFi 6 capable router with a new Qualcomm 5G/LTE chipset to fit in such a small power envelope!

In my day to day, 5G uses more battery, has similar speeds to LTE, and is less reliable than LTE... I just go into settings and turn off 5G.

Occasionally I'm at the airport (or someplace with the "real" wideband 5G) and I want to download a movie quickly. At that point I turn on 5G and get 2 Gbit down, which is convenient!

Is the only good usage of 5G to download movie on the way?
I use my smartphone on 5g (with unlimited volume) as a modem for my laptop when I'm not home. It's fantastic. I'm glad nobody here is in a position to decide "nah, 4g is good enough". Nothing but luddites here.
The actual real benefit of 5G for me is beating very congested LTE towers at peak times. There are a lot of spots where the 4G mast (especially on LTE800) is completely congested, but 5G is much* better, though definitely starting to see 5G congestion in places now.
In time as people upgrade their phones the balance should shift then, with the 4G spectrum becoming less congested. Personally I don't find the speed increase of 5G to be a need as I never found 4G to be slow. I'll be quite content to lock to the 4G bands if they open up more.
No, because 5G at the moment combines both 4G+5G carriers together. This also seems to reduce performance of 5G on heavily loaded 4G cells (probably ACK packets getting delayed if it goes via the 4G upstream is my guess, but not sure).
I turn it off on every new iPhone purchase. Next time I’m in a sports stadium I’ll turn it back on … to check HN, naturally.
5G is always terrible compared to LTE for me too.
As the shift up in frequency happens to chase bandwidth, the penetration through structures and things like foliage, drops off a cliff.
This is what I've experienced. When the connection is working, the speed is great but it doesn't work at all inside the same buildings where I used to get a decent connection and speed before 5G.
Depends where you are, for me in the center of Hong Kong, with a Huawei phone, it's a net improvement, it's way way faster. I even use it instead of wifi on my phone because my router slows down with distance while 5G stays fast in every room.

It consumes more battery so when I need to save I go back to 4G and I notice the slog.

Maybe your phone doesnt have a fast chip, your city isn't dense enough to have budget for antennas, or the providers doesnt want to give you 100Mbps... I was telling a friend recently how much of a miracle the internet speed on phones were these days, to tell you how 5G is positive here. It's not even that expensive.

In case it's relative and you expected much more, here is a speedtest from my phone, middle of Central HK, 40th floor inside my toilets, where I often browse HN from: https://www.speedtest.net/my-result/a/9021015738

In center of Taipei 5G is spotty, but go out to a country side city and I’ve got 5G everywhere. Go figure :)
I wish I could get a 2G phone. 3G I'd settle for. All I want is email, Maps, Uber and a Camera. Everything else is just addicting time wasting behavior. I love when my plan runs out of fast data and puts me on that throttled level.
Light Phone exists, don't know how good it is.
But email, map or uber use tons of data where 2G and 3G were not decided for? So you will still need a 4G, no?
email: only for attachments, not for text

map: preloaded maps were a thing before. So, no.

uber: preloaded maps. No, again.

In a lot of places there are no longer 2G networks.
Android 13 has eBPF-based network throttling options in the developer options, which will give you a similar 128kbps experience without sacrificing battery life.

This applies on all interfaces, including WLAN, with the affordance of being able to switch back without dropping flows.

I wouldn't recommend it for WLAN from a total system capacity perspective, as throttling eats up air-time.

The point is I have no self control. If I could manually switch it I can't be trusted.
Uninstalling the apps helps somewhat. Facebook and Reddit have terrible mobile web experiences, which helps even more!
This was true until I discovered mbasic Facebook :(
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Oh you can get one except us providers have turned off their 2g base stations
It's 3G that they've disabled, 2G/Edge still works and they're probably not going to actively tear it down since I recall it e doesn't use up any additional bandwidth (something about how 2G exists in the guard bands). That said I doubt they're going to pay to replace the infrastructure for it as it begins to fail.
Nope, not just 3g. Both verizon and tmobile shut down their cdmaOne stations (along with cdma2000) last year and att I think a while before that.
Lol, 2G for (2023) Uber? I don’t think you know what you’re talking about. I was once rate limited to 2G speeds due to a problem with the carrier, and Uber took like ten minutes to get past a blank screen.
LTE Advanced (LTE+) is the sweet spot, they have nearly all the bells and whistles of 5G like CA, MIMO, etc. 5G is over-engineered, it's more like LTE advanced with new frequency, beamforming and some new channel coding while consuming much, much more power both on your cell-phone and cell-towers. The speed and latency benifits are almost negligible because the metrics advertised by telecom industry are measured only between the SA 5G devices and 5G towers, in reality the latency and bandwidth are deciede by the hops all the way to the IDC (unless the so-called "edge-computing" is a thing yet they aren't), so the 5G promises may never happen.

This combined US/EU boyccott of questionable but cheap suppliers like Huawei makes the cost of 5G not worth it.

It's not just you. I have it disabled most of the time.
Of course they want to push immature technology if it means billion phones will be set to be in need of upgrades.

We all know high bandwidth and low latency are only required on very specific needs.

We don't play e-sports and play 8k videos on phones.

In my experience, there are areas where 5G coverage is much more spotty: the phone in one location has 5G and move it half a foot to the left or right and it’s got 3G. There are other areas where 5G is everywhere. 5Gs speed way faster than 4G in my experience. Although I think a lot of the speed you get is artificially imposed caps by the cell service providers.
Its been a clear upgrade for me. I am on T-Mobile and in my apartment i see around 200-300mbps and across Seattle metro area i hit 200mbps consistently.

T-mobile has better coverage here compared to ATT and Verizon because of Mid-band spectrum they got with sprint merger. I think other 2 are in process deploying more mid band spectrum and may be that will improve it in future.

In Seattle I see 5G UC (Marketing term for their MidBand Spectrum) for TMobile pretty much everywhere.

I feel it heavily depends on the modem. I used to have a Pixel 5a, which has an SoC (Snapdragon 765G) that was released during the late stages of the transition from LTE to 5G. On that phone, 5G was a terrible experience and my data wouldn't work half the time when I was outside. I switched to a Galaxy Z Flip 4 a few months ago, and 5G is just fine for me since then (i.e. I don't notice a difference compared to LTE). Same carrier, same locations.
Locally 3g was the most reliable. I think we're working backwards in accessibility of the network. It seemed just a few years ago, all we needed was a tower every so often, now we have towers and microcells. Is it a capacity issue or have we pushed into a spectrum that is more suited to dense cities rather than less dense towns?
I think capacity is a big part of it? People consuming a lot more video at higher resolutions so while 3G might have been fine for the time we needed to upgrade to squeeze more bandwidth into the available spectrum. It wouldn't be so bad if phones were better and switching to the best available signal, they they could use the efficient 5G connection when it's available, but fall back to 4G when the 5G is blocked by a building or something (which I gather is more common due to the high frequencies used)
I remember in the 3G era needing an Optus "HomeZone" at our house in Australia. Only 30 minutes drive from the dead center of a capital city, but our "country town" had a single cell tower and we were on the edge of town. So we'd get a single bar indoors and 2 bars outdoors
OK, I will bite.

Comparing 5G vs 4G as Technology is completely different to 5G vs 4G in real world implementation. That is a bit like asking if Core i9 is faster than Core i7 without knowing the clock speed, core count, cache and power budget. Or for Software developers comparing Python vs Ruby without knowing the code and VM, JIT or not

Most 5G network around the world are deployed in higher frequency spectrum. Hence the receiving Bar ( signal quality ) will generally be lowered until they are deployed in sub 1Ghz Band. Refarming frequency from 4G ( or 2G and 3G ) to 5G takes time, MNOs using Ericsson could use Dynamic Spectrum Sharing ( 4G and 5G inside the same Spectrum ) for faster 5G Rollout. But it has its own set of problems.

Until more users switch to 5G capable smartphone, and MNOs work their way to switch to 5G and especially 5G NR SA ( Stand Alone 5G without relaying on 4G Network Back End ). The full potential and advantage of 5G won't be noticeable if not, as in your case even worst than 4G.

Before anyone ask why switch to 5G then if it isn't better now. Well it really is a Chicken and Egg problem. But one way or another MNOs would like ( force ) you to switch to 5G as 5G offers better Network cost efficiency and much higher capacity.

> Stand Alone 5G without relaying on 4G Network Back End

What's the difference in the backends? Is it just a question of bandwidth, or is there something more?

Different signalling, better privacy/security (resistance to IMSI catchers), lower latency. It's not a ton better in bandwidth for sub-6ghz but the latency improvement is noticeable.
I still use 3G intentionally until it is sunset or disconnected. It uses less battery power than LTE, and comes with the nice advantage of that it doesn't support alerts. The latter is an issue because in Canada, the absolute morons who made the decision, decided that all alerts, every last one, are to be sent at the level of Presidential.

So, this means an amber alert for some kid who is with one of their parents 500+ miles away blasts through.

So people are forced to do complicated stuff like rip out the alert module through the terminal, or set up some sort of schedule where the phone is airplane mode or turned off at night, etc.

Too much hassle, 3G is easier.

And 3G does use less power. LTE is faster with lower latency but beyond that.. I don't have VoLTE either because the provider is being cheap with my cheap plan.. so why bother.

5G will have lots of battery consumption if the example of LTE is any indication, and no user-facing improvements that I am aware of. Real ones, not theoretical. Wireless data prices are very high here. Nobody is going to use 5G for an internet connection.

The difference is quite large. The architecture for the 5g backend was made to allow for easy virtualization and scaling capacity up and down. Hence telcos don't need to buy a very specific subscriber management box that is special made and needs to handle peak usage. Instead you can buy or rent commodity hardware, and usually run much less hardware because you can scale up as required.

Check out the diagram in this article: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/5g-network-architecture/ Note how little space is given to the cell towers.

I just don’t feel like there is much need for faster than 4G right now. It almost feels like a meme to say this “why would anyone want more than 16 mb of ram”. But it’s been years now and not much has changed. I did a speed test and my 4G was 300mbps, that’s faster than the home internet speed of most people I know. I just can’t see why you’d want more than that on a phone.
Yeah, customer does not care where is a problem. Customer sees 5G on his phone, customer can feel that it is not faster than 4G (because it is that 5G on Sub 6GHz), customer has negative feelings about 5G because he does not understand why he should be paying more for same speed.
I'm not sure there's anything wrong with that. Technology has always been only as good as its implementation.
> Or for Software developers comparing Python vs Ruby without knowing the code and VM, JIT or not

As far as consumers are concerned we are comparing Python 2 and Python 3

You're saying 4g was actually better in every way, but we'll be forced to give up and accept 5g?
Does 5G at least help with the push notifications? I remember reading somewhere that one of the reasons why non-centralized push notifications suck was that the telco hardware kills the connection (presumably due to limited memory)?
In my experience "bars" of 5G don't have much correlation with actual (tethered) megabits. In some places it's like broadband speeds, and in some places I've had to explicitly switch back to LTE to get a decent connection even though my phone claimed it had a perfect 5G connection.
In my experience this applies to "bars" of all Gs, I've been in many places with full bars and unable to load anything. Seems that bars don't indicate backhaul bandwidth or congestion.
Haven't they always been signal strength? Which is only an issue when it is really low.

And with 5G we are dealing with so many frequency bands, users and so on that the strength of signal really tells little.

It's not even true signal strength. Certainly on 2G (I'd have to double check on later technologies) the radio can inform the UE to treat the recieved signal level as being an arbitrary amount better than actually measured.

This applies to signal level as reported to the user as well as internal metrics, eg handover (is this other cell better, should I switch to it?).

I was skeptical about the utility of 5G until I downloaded the whole of the Witcher 3 onto my Steam Deck through my phone at 200mbps while on holiday. To be honest I’m still somewhat skeptical, and maybe I should have left the Steam Deck at home instead of taking it on holiday, but I was very aware in that moment that I was living in the future.
Unlimited data? Sounds cool until you use up all of your data.
I don't have it on my phone but I recently got a home 5g modem and it's excellent - speed and latency are both good and indistinguishable from my old cable internet service. If nothing else, I welcome it as a long-overdue competitor to all the awful ISPs.
5G download has been the same or worse than 4G, and signal can be much worse indoors/etc. When I get signal, 5G upload is usually better. 5G signal at home is better than 4G was, but I think that's because of more bands/towers, not because 5G is better.
I have a Pixel 6A on T-Mobile. I keep 5G turned off because it's usually slower and flakier than LTE, visibly chews through the battery (a percentage point every couple of minutes), and heats up the phone.
Are you running the latest Android release on it? I had a Pixel 6 Pro on T-Mo and experienced almost identical issues until I updated it some months ago

Turns out Google pushed the 6 series out before the OS was "ready" and "forgot" to tell anyone

Anyone know if there's a way to disable 5G on a Pixel 7? Using Visible, a Verizon MVNO.
For me, I switched the preferred network type to LTE in Settings > Network & Internet > SIM > Preferred network type.