Ask HN: Why did medium.com "fail"?

461 points by slymerson ↗ HN
Medium.com is still up and running so it hasn't failed exactly, but it's not the best platform to go to anymore when it comes to blogging.

The post quality has deteriorated, and it feels like I'm reading the same posts over and over again. Not to mention the stupid paywall which is infuriating.

Why did Medium end up like this? In the beginning it was pretty good but then it started to wither. Is there any way for a platform like Medium to keep up with high quality posts while also paying their writers well?

Substack has done a good job at competing in the blogging market but it's different from Medium. Medium is more of a social blogging platform while Substack is more of a newsletter platform. Substack doesn't have an algorithm that recommends you content, but instead shows you exactly who you follow. This is nice, but I can't deny that I also like finding new content through a recommendation engine, which Medium also sucks at.

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It did not fail. Medium blogs still generate a lot of traffic. I think rather it got superseded by Substack. Substack has a few benefits over medium, such as being less inclined to censor and writers having more control over payouts and subscribers.
Why is it less inclined to censor?

Also, true. They do have more control over their payouts.

The proximate cause is that Substack was founded by people less likely to censor, who have so far kept control of the company. It may be more meaningful to say that Substack was founded in 2017, and Medium was founded in 2012, and the sort of censorship we're talking about was much more salient in 2017 than in 2012, so Substack was in some sense selected to be more against that sort of censorship.
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Two main reasons, IMO:

1. At a point, Medium stopped adding value to blog posts and their network, to the point that they had to strongarm some of the larger networks to try and stay on their platform (e.g. FreeCodeCamp) and failed. Currently, Medium's best value proposition is long-tail SEO which just encourages more low-quality content.

2. In general, the long-form content landscape has shifted more toward short-form content in terms of things like Twitter and TikTok. Even Substack, which is a reasonable Medium alternative and superior if trying to build a readerbase, hasn't received as much buzz as it did years ago.

Long form content will become more niche, at least when it comes to text. I prefer long form reading content over short form content so it's nice having platforms like Substack and Medium, but IMO there needs to be something better. I would love a new social blogging platform that actually does well at showing you content you'd enjoy AND that ensures the posts are quality.

Easier said than done I imagine.

This made me sad. Long form content is the content I get the most value from. Short-form is largely pointless.
I agree with you, but the younger generations are going to be the "leaders" of the world and they love short form content. Everything points towards short form content being the biggest thing while long form content and text content becomes niche.
This sounds like terribly "old-fashioned" thinking... at the same time, not everything new is good. I'm afraid you're right though. Seems short form is destroying attention spans across the board. I even notice it in myself.
Short form wins on ads is the main reason.

If you read one long article you may see three ads.

But each short article could have the same three ads, multiplied by however many short articles you read.

Long term I think the future is going to be more along the line of direct patronage - if I want to write I can say that at $Xk a month from supporters I’ll quit my day job and just make content for everyone.

I don't agree. It's not young people as such, it's the mainstream that love shallow short form content.

However the more intelligent, curious and thoughtful people that hopefully become our leaders, are more into long form content which simply has much more to offer than cheap one-liners.

Unfortunately selecting those leaders is where we are going wrong right now. Referring to a lot of leaders (politics and industry alike) that just love blasting cheap shots on short form services like Twitter.

Free Digital Media "Platforms" are unprofitable

Look what happened to:

1. Gawker

2. The Awl and The Hairpin

2. PolicyMic

3. Vice subsidiaries like Refinery29

It's funny, all these places tried to reinvent the tech stack too. I remember Medium being a clojure shop

Can't Medium generate revenue through ads? They have the network effects so they should be able to place ads on the website to keep it running like the other social platforms do. They could even split the ad revenue with writers.

Just ideas.

If they would add ads, writers would ask for a revenue, too. If they'd do that, they would ask for a fair share, considering their amount of contribution. Means: how many articles they write. And with that you are back to the status quo. Dropping "get rich fast posts" and soul-less "top x lists".
The current economics of ads on the internet are such at "just add ads" is no longer viable alone like it was a decade ago.

That's why nearly every content creator that normally relies on ads has additional revenue sources. (Patreon/Sponsorships)

Because writers have to write for the lowest denominator.

edit: spelling

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no -- in previous eras, the brand name of the publication built expectation from the readers. If you want long form, high brow content then you look for it; if you are browsing for entertainment and not an intellectual, then ad-filled publications are pushed at you.. lots in between with topic-focused publications. The magazine rack of 1984 has not been replaced and readers are suffering for it... IMO
For me medium posts are boring

I mean they all look the same (visually)

Yeah there isn't much variety. There would have to be some way to make the app "pop" more so that it gives it life. What would you recommened?
Censorship
Why does that happen? Why can't Medium allow writers to publish whatever they want without being worried of censorship?
Any "service" that offers money for content will fail eventually.

Take most news portals: they fill their sites with "news" to favor search engines, to deploy ads or affiliate links.

Take search engines itself: They lead to SEO which leads to "silly" and packed "WordPress" like websites whose only goal is to drop affiliate links.

And so on....

Youtube? Tiktok? Twitch?
To be fair, YouTube does have a serious problem with millions of dud, autogenerated content videos trying to game the algorithm to generate ad cash.
Those are all excellent examples of how a content platform descends into empty hollow entertainment if monetized too much.
I used to host my blog on Medium because it was the easiest way to get a simple, attractive blog available with a minimum amount of work.

Then they started adding various annoyances, which I'm sure they thought would help with financial goals, but it eliminated the "simple, attractive" part. As a reader, seeing that a link went to medium.com used to mean it was easy-to-read and text-focused, and afterwards, it meant that it would be full of intrusive crap one would have to deal with before reading. To the point that people started making [special browser extensions](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/make-medium-readab...) just to remove them.

As a writer, whose main interest is in people reading my stuff (rather than, say, monetization), I wanted to move it somewhere where the readers would not be annoyed and maybe refuse to click on the link in the first place because of the domain.

I'm sure the above describes many others' experiences as well.

Where did you move to? Self hosting?
Static Pelican site hosted on bitbucket.io. I'd use GitHub Pages if I were doing it today.
I moved to Hugo and then built prose.sh
Interestingly enough, Substack is heading down the same direction - when you get linked to an article, it now forces a full screen popup on you asking if you want to subscribe or just read.
None of the incentives changed. We really just need someone egalitarian to make the craigslist of blogs and never be tempted to stab the goose who's laying the golden eggs for quick monetization. The blogging space is too long-term for that short sighted nonsense
This would be a good service for the Wikimedia Foundation to provide, IMO.
> never be tempted to stab the goose who's laying the golden eggs

Isn’t the whole point that there are no golden eggs? People don’t want to pay and people don’t want ads. Where would you get income for the authors and for the platform itself?

Write a book or become an e-celeb and go on tour. 90% of blog/newsletter content (which are basically the same thing) is just self-promotion anyway.
Yeah man, the popups on blogs feel a lot like being forced to watch commercials before a movie trailer
I think there's monitization models somewhere there. Off the top of my head, you could go the email route and charge for "premium" features. Analytics, custom domains etc.

Either that or it could to be run as a loss leader for some other service

The thing is there's no money in charging writers, really. There's just not enough of them, and they aren't going to pay you enough (certainly not to reach golden egg territory). You must monetize on a per reader basis if you want real revenue.
There is a market but how big, I'd assume that these are real offers

https://wordpress.com/pricing/?compare=1#lpc-pricing

that seem like what somebody would pay. If you'd assume somebody spends 4 hours a week blogging and their time is worth $25 an hour you'd be putting $400 of hour of labor in a month and spending $40 for hosting is a fraction of that. That $25/hour would seem low to some people but high to others: some people are time-rich and cash-poor and others the other way around.

The horrific truth about the "Next Medium" is that it is going to appeal to people who are too lazy to write a successful blog by having GPT-4 write their blog posts for them.

What's wrong with GitHub spaces?
From my perspective there's nothing wrong, but most of the population that has ever even heard of Github think of it as a complex programmer's only thing.

I remember a project I did some time ago where we required Github integration, every employee of the company was supposed to have a Github account, it was even part of the onboarding day, there was a very internal knowledge base page on how to setup Github, and EVEN then people would just hear the word "Github" and freak out saying a bunch of people in the company would never ever be able to setup an account there.

Somehow I find that less annoying with substack, because their positioning is clearly "look, this is a newsletter, not a blog." The dark UI patterns around dismissing the pop up are annoying though.
Yeah that's the problem. I don't want a newsletter, I want a blog.

And like the OP I only care about people reading my stuff. I don't care about monetisation and I definitely don't want to put them through all the crap that medium does.. substack is not a great alternative because it's also monetisation focused for authors.

Genuine question. Isn’t HN what you are looking for then? What else would you need from a blog?
Good question!

I thought of it but Hacker News posts are pure text, you can't add a single picture. The reading format is also not suitable for long form, and it makes the post text kinda grey which makes it even harder to read.

So, no. The community is great but it's not a blogging platform. I could self host my blog and post links here for discovery but self-promotion is generally frowned upon. I don't want to abuse the community.

"I thought of it but Hacker News posts are pure text, you can't add a single picture."

... which is, in my opinion, an overlooked and extremely powerful filter.

It's a great way to reduce the moderation burden.

If people can upload images people will upload atrocity pictures (with the caption POST A STUPID IMAGE MEME... U DIE!), lewd pictures, CSAM pictures, and other things that will waste your time to manage if they don't get you in trouble outright. (It was super easy to get a basically G rated site demonetized with a 10⁻⁴ fraction of problem images ten years ago, it must be much worse now.)

For me one problem with the newsletter is that everybody and his brother and his sister and his other brother wants to send me email spams several times a day. The only way I can keep it manageable is to remove myself from every list as soon as I can.

I've been building my own smart RSS reader so I'd much rather add a feed to by reader which puts me, the reader, in control.

It's done that as long as I can remember - the "let me read it first" thing, right? Or did they change something recently?
companies have to make money at some point, it's not coincidence all these same types of sites do the same thing once they've burned through their VC money and have to make money. Hosting this type of stuff is a commodity service, it's why you constantly see a churn of people from each VC subsidized service
As an author, you can turn this off in the settings
Do you like Svbtle?
> The post quality has deteriorated, and it feels like I'm reading the same posts over and over again.

Not just that, but more and more writers are writing long-form analyses of events and topics which have been thoroughly analyzed elsewhere, long ago. Not really adding anything new.

Some of their most popular authors are legitimately regurgitating the same talking points over and over again. If you read a dozen articles from Umair Haque, you'll have read the basic talking points of every article he's likely to write.

But - it seems to work I guess. Lots of youtubers get popular the same way - by generating the same basic content over and over again, with slight changes. As long as they do so frequently, they maintain their viewers. Granted if you're a cute girl dancing, it's a lot easier to get away with than if you're writing 800 words about how America is a failed state.

When medium decided that, as a writer, you need to have at least 100 followers to be able to get paid, the rules of the game changed. All I saw was articles about how to get your first 100 followers and how somebody made lots of money writing on medium. Clickbait titles, follow-back culture.
When Medium instituted their paywall they enshittified the user experience.
100%. That was the worst mistake Medium made.
- UI has progressively gotten more bloated

- too many articles that read like they were written by an LLM

- the service provided is easily replaceable

At least substack has a niche with conservatives. Medium, not so much

That's a strange characterization because none of my substacks are anywhere near being conservative.
It seems to have become a meme because a handful of notable conservatives made a big stink about moving from traditional media to sub stack, and liberal Twitter followed on by attempting to paint substack as the gab of publishing or something.

I agree with you, it’s far from a conservative platform. It’s more so a challenge to traditional media, which I think is threatening to the prominent news types on Twitter.

Substack having a notable conservative presense doesn't imply that all or even most are conservative
Funny, I subscribe to three Substacks, and they're all left wing, in one case being written by an avowed Marxist.

Tell me more about this niche?

Sample size is 3, sampling isn't random :)
their payment model is really strange

(I looked into this a while ago, may have changed)

I think you get paid in some inscrutable formula of '% of subscription revenue when someone reads your post and then subscribes'

like based on some cursed attribution model

it also has a CMS technology that loads a visible page, then does a bunch of FOUC nonsense, probably messes with my scroll in some way -- heavy + awful presentation tech

They pay for member reading time. In other words, when a paying member reads your piece, a part of their $5 goes to you based on the number of minutes they read. Outside views give nothing. So even if your article goes viral on HN or somewhere else, if the readers aren’t subscribers you make nothing. (It ends up being something like 1-3¢/min)
I don't know in the big picture. Here's my personal experience, though.

I never really thought that Medium was an attractive place. It had so many annoyances about it that I didn't develop a regular habit of going there. Then, at some point, it became even worse with paywalling and other additional irritations. I rarely even follow links to Medium anymore.

The actual writing quality was OK at first, but it also plummeted.

interesting. i wish there was a social blogging platform that had interesting posts to learn about things, and a way to compensate writers without ruining the whole experience.
cory doctorow has codified this precisely in his theory of "enshittification":

8<------------------------------

Here is how platforms die: first, they are good to their users; then they abuse their users to make things better for their business customers; finally, they abuse those business customers to claw back all the value for themselves. Then, they die.

I call this enshittification, and it is a seemingly inevitable consequence arising from the combination of the ease of changing how a platform allocates value, combined with the nature of a "two sided market," where a platform sits between buyers and sellers, hold each hostage to the other, raking off an ever-larger share of the value that passes between them.

https://pluralistic.net/2023/01/21/potemkin-ai/

Are there examples of sites/platforms that are doing it "right"? (however you interpret 'right' to be, I guess). Ones that have been around for a while and haven't enshittified?
hm, maybe the crowdfunding platforms like kickstarter and indiegogo? as far as I know those haven't started down the curve yet. but I would guess it's inevitable once you take vc money and are beholden to your investors to squeeze out every drop of revenue you can :(

it would require a really strong mission statement baked into the company to say "we are here to provide value to our users and everything else has to come second to that". if nothing else you eventually get acquired, e.g. tumblr, and everything goes to hell then.

Kickstarter and Indiegogo have quite a few charlatans selling a tech version of snake oil, and they don't care because they get 10% (or whatever their fees are).
I am not sure how much vetting you want the platform to do? If someone says they can synthesize gasoline from air for $.02/liter, should Kickstarter shut it down? Send a guy to investigate? Where does the arbitrary this-is-probably-wrong line land?
Well that example wouldn't be allowed on Kickstarter, because they require a prototype to exist for electronics campaigns. I think that's a fairly reasonable arbitrarily chosen line.
I don't think Kickstarter "doesn't care", they just don't care enough to proactively find out. Indiegogo will keep outright scams up. Kickstarter says "eh, someone will flag it if it is a scam"
Slashdot?
lol
I wasn't joking, actually. I still visit Slashdot, though not as often. Ownership has changed over the years, but in principle, the site its features haven't changed.
Bandcamp, although many are holding their breath since the Epic takeover.
do all platforms go through this? if so, it's very sad.
It's a sort-of inevitable thing when your focus becomes earnings and growth rather than whatever your actual business is. Facebook's business was providing a common platform for people that know each other to share publicly. Twitter's business was a billboard to share what they're doing. Google's business was to provide a way to find things on the web.

Unfortunately, none of those things is particularly easy to charge money for. So you take Venture Capital to fund your development, and then you try to find a way to pay that VC through other means - Advertising mostly, it turns out. Then you have to keep pushing that because your investors want returns, and it funds the party.

None of those things was Facebook or Twitter's business, because none was how they make money. Facebook and Twitter are for-proffit businesses, and for almost all of their history the money has come from selling advertising and surveillance (its pretty clear that birdsite guy never understood that twitter users are his products and advertisers are his customers). There are not many alternatives if you want to provide a centralized global service for tens of millions of users. So my web presence focuses on things hosted by small companies or run by community members, not on giant 'free' corporate services.
What you’re saying is true in terms of where the money comes from, but it doesn’t explain why customers are being screwed.

The thing is, all of these companies make money by arbitraging value consumed by the end users versus value produced by advertisers. It’s a two sided market, except that consumers pay in attention rather than currency.

It’s catchy - and probably true - to say that if you aren’t paying, “then you are the product”. But these companies still need a quality product or, eventually, the advertising and data collection is not valuable to those with money.

Which is what we seem to be seeing with Twitter.

Abusing end users is a very short sighted strategy, even if they’re not paying.

Which customers are getting screwed? Posters or viewers on 'free' hosting sites are the products not the customers. Online ad buyers everywhere get cheated, but that is another story.

Many of these giant sites are really in the business of talking money out of investors, so their main business is not really selling a service at all (its "investor storytime").

I don't think that arbitrage model is useful because one side is paying cash and the other is not. Its like calling dating a marketplace, a bad metaphor.

Well, I disagree with your previous assertion that Facebook makes money from selling ads.

Facebook makes money by creating a product that attracts a bunch of people to use it, and then they sell ads.

The whole thing falls apart if they don’t do #1 properly.

we'll have to agree to disagree then. There are many other properties outside of Facebook.com where their ads run, in competition with Google.
We are specifically talking about the user visible pages of these companies and their “enshitification”

> Facebook's business was providing a common platform for people that know each other to share publicly. Twitter's business was a billboard to share what they're doing. Google's business was to provide a way to find things on the web.

They may have other businesses in banner ads but I’m specifically responding to the question,

> do all platforms go through this? if so, it's very sad.

by trying to make the point that if their business is selling attention, then pissing off end users - thereby reducing the supply of attention - is bad management.

Love that post. Sadly, every major tech platform is going thru "enshittification".
The enshittification cycle has always been here, but progress continues. It just feels like things are getting worse as the programs we grew up on enter the shit-zone part of their lifecycle.
Wikipedia seems like a weird exception to this rule.
wikipedia isn't a "platform" in that sense of the term, they don't make money by being a middleman between producers, consumers and advertisers.
They are super successful at gathering donations, right? I think their goal is fundamentally well-scoped to the sort budget they can hope to get just from donations.

I mean most of the value there is in text written by volunteers, which must not be so expensive to host (compared to, say, an image hosting site for example).

Yes, definitely agree, and "enshittification" is a good word for something I've observed for ~25 years.

Very similar to this phenomenon, in relation to imgur and so forth:

https://drewdevault.com/2014/10/10/The-profitability-of-onli...

I think that all image hosts suffer from the same sad pattern of eventual failure. That pattern is:

I wouldn't place the blame squarely on the company however. It's also true that consumers have predictable behavior patterns -- they want free stuff, and they will stick around to get that, and then move to the next thing.

On the other hand, we want free stuff because we don't want to sign up for subscriptions, and companies are always making that annoying -- betting on us forgetting to cancel, making it hard to cancel, tacking on hidden fees (banks do a lot of this), etc.

I wish that money could just be exchanged for goods and services, as Homer Simpson once noted ...

there's also this old ribbonfarm post on "the locust economy", describing that sort of consumer behaviour: https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2013/04/03/the-locust-economy/
Great analogy! I hadn't seen that. I can definitely see that in Groupon (which seems much less popular now?)

Although I would also consider the other side of the "sharing economy" -- IMO sharing like Zipcar makes a lot of economic sense, and I don't have a lot of sympathy for incumbents there (although I guess Zipcar got bought).

Likewise with the taxi and hotel industries -- the incumbents deserve some competition / disruption.

But yeah consumers are certainly fickle

Terrific and succinct observation. How does competition not prevent this? Does lock-in prevent competition? e.g. Medium's suck-factor will always hover at the level where it's just not quite worth it to use something else if you already have many posts on Medium. New users will still pick Medium because it sucks, but is still popular/accepted.
The remarkable thing about Medium was that it went downhill so quickly, or, compared to other platforms like Twitter, it started trying to make money early in the process of gathering an audience, which limited it's growth.

In my mind it never had a good reputation. Successful blogging has three elements: (1) writing a lot, (2) technically running your blog, and (3) promoting your blog. In principle Medium took (2) and (3) out of your hands so you could focus on (1) but I think Medium attracted a person who was too lazy to blog before and who is interested in working on (1) as little as they are on (2) and (3).

In principle you might make some money blogging on Medium but a lot of people blog to promote themselves or their business and the registration wall reduced their reach and actually damaged their personal brand because I think a lot of people felt it was annoying to have to register to read articles on a blogging platform that is just a bit worse than the rest of the web as opposed to just a bit better. (Certainly anyone whose Medium blog posts connected with someone has received an email telling them it's a shame that a good blogger is blogging on Medium)

> Successful blogging has three elements: (1) writing a lot...

How much truth is in this often-repeated statement?

In the case of blogging, writing is (typically) one's product. Writing is relatively cheap and depending on the subject is highly commoditized, so you need to write a lot to incentivize audiences to return and to continue to consume, and presumably pay you somehow.

This isn't always the case. You might be an otherwise famous individual who will have an audience regardless of your publishing frequency. But I think for most bloggers, you have to have enough material that people will visit, and continue to make more so people will come back.

I published between 1 and 3 times a year on my blog/website. But then I'm not doing it for income.

Its an empirical rule of thumb that to build an audience online, post at least once a week (more often for low-effort posts for smartphones). If you can think of any well-known online writers who do not post a lot, I think you will find they generally had an existing audience (eg. Paul Graham is a venture capitalist with a crowd of admirers). Rules of thumb are not laws of nature, but this one matches my experience and my observations.
Blogger here.

Quite a bit. I would say my blog has been successful, but it only happened after I had written a lot, which was about 100 posts and about 150 posts in a blog that now doesn't exist.

To be successful, your need to get an audience. To get an audience, you have to either build one over time or go viral at least once. I've done both.

To build an audience over time, you need to give them a lot to read so that they won't forget you and will keep coming back.

Going viral is a luck thing, but you sure do get better chances of going viral the more you post.

My first viral post was posted on Hacker News at a time when I thought it wouldn't go viral for sure: on Saturday night (my time). I didn't want that one to go viral, but I thought I would post it anyway to attract some readers.

Oh boy.

I woke up the next morning to a headache.

Since then, when I want to make an impact, I post during my nighttime. Turns out, posting that on a Saturday night was perfect because my most viral posts have been, with one or two exceptions.

But I wouldn't have been able to sample that enough to know if I didn't have 50-100 (tech-oriented) blog posts to try with.

So yeah, it's true.

I find there are two types of writers - ones who are working on a massive tome or tomes of perfection (often in their are of expertise) and those who are writing about a ton of different things.

The second definitely improves with consistent output. I assume the first does too, but they often are continually revising their “masterpiece” so it can be harder to see

Competition doesn't generally apply because these are usually venture-backed companies in the first few stages. The point is to prevent competition in the third stage by using the first two stages to lock in both sides of the market.
There's a wonderful blog post I want to find from years back about Starbucks switching from manual to automatic espresso machines, saying how the next generation of good coffee shops are probably getting their start by buying those manual machines cheap. And more generally, the cycle is that for a new brand having a few people who love you is more important than having people who don't hate you, so you take risks, and then at some point you're mainstream and that flips and it's more important to not be hated.

I'd add to that that brand reputation is monetisable and monetised. It's almost a playbook at this point: sell something high quality to people who are really into that thing, get a good reputation, then dilute the quality down and you can coast on that reputation for a while while selling cheaper versions at the original high prices to a much wider audience.

I don't know what the counter to this is, other than customers paying much more attention to when a brand changes their products, which would not be free for them.

This definitely seems like at least half of it.

With blogging platforms, an additional aspect: I don’t really care to read the opinions of people who are mostly interested in blogging about a topic. I want to read from actual practitioners. As soon as a platform becomes well known, the non-practicing bloggers show up and it turns into a crapshoot whether what I’m reading is first or third hand information.

And that’s during the early still-OK-ish phase. After a while the natural tendency is that the non-practicing folks will produce more content because they’ve got more spare time!

I'll agree; we're just getting to the "Substacks writing about writing Substacks" phase now. Up until now all those people were on Medium.
This is just a cool-sounding wrapper on the much older concept of rent-seeking, which has a solid theoretical literature behind it. Doctorow seems to specialize in this.
it's more like a specialisation of "rent-seeking" when applied to this particular case and pattern. nothing wrong with inventing a more specific term when the pattern behind it gets common enough.
It is like rocket stages or a maggot turning into a fly: each stage bootstraps the next but cannot last forever
Because adblockers have made selling "free" content to astute, tech-literate people extremely difficut, and in 2023 micropayment/subscription models are still hopelessly bad.
Adblockers only caught on because the internet ad industry is incredibly abusive.
Seat belts only caught on because driving is incredibly dangerous.
If you punish me every time I follow a link to your site, I may learn to avoid following links to your site.

Medium changed from reader-friendly to reader-hostile over time.

Good point, seeing medium.com in a URL has this response with me now. For sure.
From a reader perspective I thought the value of medium was a clean, simple reading experience, unlike popup-laden attention-seeking articles on news sites.

But then medium added all the same popups and nags.

I don't wanta sticky cookie popup (which is probably also illegal since it lacks a reject-all button). I don't want to sign in with Google for both of you to track me. I don't want any JavaScript doodads, sticky toolbars, floaty buttons, or messing with text selection.

I expect substack to end up exactly the same. It's not the fault of the site, just inevitability of the grow-capture-monetize playbook.

Medium doesn't allow you to keep people who like your work invested.
It's a common story.

A product is great. The company providing the product raises lots of money.

Investors want a return on their investment and the founders want a big payday. So the company starts adding lots of features to increase sign-ups, conversions, and revenue.

But these features often poison the user experience. Even as numbers go up in the near-term, the product withers and dies as users eventually defect.

Companies with a moat can get away with this, like Reddit and YouTube, at least for a while. Medium had no real moat, so users left.

Exactly this. Medium was great at what it did, but having raised $160M+ in funding and being valued at several billion dollars they simply could not continue to be a simply blogging platform while also making enough money to keep investors happy. And all their bets to become profitable just ended up alienating their users and writers.
YouTube has become pretty bad IMO.. All the ads and Google data mining.

Without a suite of adblockers and sponsorblock it's unusable now. I hate video content anyway so I wouldn't sign up for a subscription. But every time I get referred there I'm appalled how bad it's become.

It got stuffed full of low quality content, much of which felt like assignments from developer boot-camp students... and then the paywall arrived.

So paying (or registering) for access to view content which was likely to be fluff wasn't attractive.

There was definitely some valuable content on Medium, but it was lost in a sea of noise.

i only see posts from freecodecamp and other organizations now, it sucks. medium back in the day had some great posts.
Not sure what HN has against wordpress, but it's still the GOAT in terms of blogging platforms. It's

1) Easy to setup

2) Incredibly SEO friendly

3) Most importantly: you own your content.

Yes - it's not as technically advanced as engineers would like - but let's be real - it's a blog - not a venture funded startup.

Buy your own domain. Own your content. Then, just write. If you need help, you can even get it set up for you for free → https://startablog.com/free-blog

No one here hates WordPress because people use it for blogging. We hate it because other people use it as a complex, insecure, messy, un-versioned CMS that some of us had to inherit.

It's perfect for blogging. It's a disaster for everything else people do with it.

Seeing what "low-code" people can accomplish with WordPress is both horrifying and amazing.
It reminds me of Microsoft Access in the 90s.
Self-promotion spam aside, all of those points are stronger arguments for static site genetation like with Jekyll or Hugo. There, the site is faster and you don't have to pay much hosting fees if any.
I stopped using (self-hosted) Wordpress because it became too much of a hassle and worry over security issues. Life is just easier without all of that.
The short answer is that the founder is an introverted guy who sort of weathervanes around when it comes to his vision for the product, he had enough prior success to get lots of funding for his project, and there was no one with enough authority to say "no" to his shifting ideas or replace him with a more effective boss.

You see this pattern a lot with successful people. Nassim Nicholas Taleb is a brilliant guy, but his later books are unreadable because he won't consent to have an editor. Your favorite band takes five years to release a follow-up to their breakthrough album. Pundits get a sinecure at a major news outlet on the strength of their insightful thinking and then start producing drivel.

Ev Williams had the misfortune of being given a limitless budget and the freedom to realize his vision. Medium with three developers and a half million dollar budget might have been unstoppable.

The push for growth killed everything good about it.