425 comments

[ 2.0 ms ] story [ 293 ms ] thread
“But look, you found the notice, didn’t you?”

“Yes,” said Arthur, “yes I did. It was on display in the bottom of a locked filing cabinet stuck in a disused lavatory with a sign on the door saying ‘Beware of the Leopard.”

Eugh. Has anyone compiled a list of companies that do this, so I can avoid them? If anyone knows of other companies training on customer data without an easy highly visible toggle opt out, please comment them below.
We can fight back by not posting anything useful or accurate to the internet until there are protections in place and each person gets to decide how their data is used and whether they are compensated for it.
Synology updated this policy back in March (Happened to be a Friday afternoon).

Services Data Collection Disclosure

"Synology only uses the information we obtain from technical support requests to resolve your issue. After removing your personal information, we may use some of the technical details to generate bug reports if the problem was previously unknown to implement a solution for our products."

"Synology utilizes the information gathered through technical support requests exclusively for issue resolution purposes. Following the removal of personal data, certain technical details may be utilized for generating bug reports, especially for previously unidentified problems, aimed at implementing solutions for our product line. Additionally, Synology may transmit anonymized technical information to Microsoft Azure and leverage its OpenAI services to enhance the overall technical support experience. Synology will ensure that personally identifiable information, such as names, phone numbers, addresses, email addresses, IP addresses and product serial numbers, is excluded from this process."

I used to just delete privacy policy update emails and the like but now I make a habit of going in to diff them to see if these have been slipped in.

Like the other poster it would be great to have a name and shame site that lists companies training on customer data
It would be easier to compile a list of companies that don't do this.

The list:

Nonsense. There are plenty of companies that don't have shit policies like this. A vast majority, even. Stop normalizing it.
My company does not do this and have no plans to do such a thing.
Lol, my favorite corpo-speak.

I’m not eating a steak and have no plans to eat a steak. Ask again tomorrow.

> If you want to exclude your Customer Data from helping train Slack global models, you can opt out.

Well gee whiz, you want to help your old pal Slack, don’t you?

It’s such a slap in the face. And the opt-out is only available by email where more friction could be introduced.

“Do not access the Services in order to build a similar or competitive product or service or copy any ideas, features, functions, or graphics of the Services;” https://slack.com/acceptable-use-policy

I wonder if OpenAI wishes they could train ChatGPT on their corporate chat history? How ironic ? Or they don’t care?

So slimy that this isn't instead an opt-in!
They know, as well, that opt-in simply wouldn’t give them the scale they’d need for meaningful training data. They’re being very intentionally self interested and unconcerned with their customers best interests.
Real change requires legislation.
(comment deleted)
I'm confused about this statement: "When developing AI/ML models or otherwise analyzing Customer Data, Slack can’t access the underlying content. We have various technical measures preventing this from occurring"

"Can't" is a strong word. I'm curious how an AI model could access data, but Slack, Inc itself couldn't. I suspect they mean "doesn't" instead of "can't", unless I'm missing something.

Every company that promises "end-to-end encryption" is just pinky-swearing to you also. Like Telegram or WhatsApp
Yeah, at least if the client is open source you could verify.
"If you can read assembly, all programs are open source."

Sure, it's easier and less effort if the program is actually open source, but it's absolutely still possible to verify on bytecode, decompiled or disassembled programs, too.

From their white paper linked in the same comment

> Provisioning To minimize the risk of data exposure, Slack adheres to the principles of least privilege and role-based permissions when provisioning access—workers are only authorized to access data that they reasonably must handle in order to fulfill their current job responsibilities. All production access is reviewed at least quarterly.

so... seems like they very clearly can.

I also find the word "Slack" in that interesting. I assume they mean "employees of Slack", but the word "Slack" obviously means all the company's assets and agents, systems, computers, servers, AI models, etc.

I would find even a statement from Signal like "we can't access our users content" to be tenuous and overly-optimistic. Like, when I heard the word "can't" my brain goes to: there is nothing anyone in the company could do, within the bounds of the law, to do this. Employees at Slack could turn off the technical measures preventing this from occurring. Employees at Signal could push an app update which side-channels all messages through to a different server, unencrypted.

Better phrasing is "Employees of Slack will not access the underlying content".

Interestingly I'd probably go the other way.

If it's verifiably E2EE then I consider "we can't access this" to be a fairly powerful statement. Sure, the source could change, but if you have a reasonable distribution mechanism (e.g. all users get the same code, verifiably reproducible) then that's about as good as you can get.

Privacy policies that state "we won't do XYZ" have literally zero value to me to the extent that I don't even look at them. If I give you some data, it's already leaked in my mind, it's just a matter of time.

> I would find even a statement from Signal like "we can't access our users content" to be tenuous and overly-optimistic.

I don't really agree with this statement. Signal literally can't read user data right now. The statement is true, why can't they use it?

If they can't use it, nobody can. there are no services that can't publish an update reversing any security measure available. Also doing that would be illegal, because it would render the statement "we can't access our users content" false.

In Slack case, it is totally different. Data is accessible by Slack systems, the statement "we can't access our users content" is already false. Probably what they mean is something along the lines of: "The data can't be accessed by our systems, but we have measures in place that block the access to most of our employees"

As an engineer who has worked on systems that handle sensitive data, it seems straightforwardly to me to be a statement about:

1. ACLs

2. The systems that provision those ACLs

3. The policies that determine the rules those systems follow.

In other words, the model training batch job might run as a system user that has access to data annotated as 'interactions' (at timestamp T1 user U1 joined channel C1, at timestamp T2 user U2 ran a query that got 137 results), but no access to data annotated as 'content', like (certainly) message text or (probably) the text of users' queries. An RPC from the training job attempting to retrieve such content would be denied, just the same as if somebody tried to access someone else's DMs without being logged in as them.

As a general rule in a big company, you the engineer or product manager don't get to decide what the ACLs will look like no matter how much you might feel like it. You request access for your batch job from some kind of system that provisions it. In turn the humans who decide how that system work obey the policies set out by the company.

It's not unlike a bank teller who handles your account number. You generally trust them not to transfer your money to their personal account on the sly while they're tapping away at the terminal--not necessarily because they're law abiding citizens who want to keep their job, but because the bank doesn't make it possible and/or would find out. (A mom and pop bank might not be able to make the same guarantee, but Bank of America does.) [*]

In the same vein, this is a statement that their system doesn't make it possible for some Slack PM to jack their team's OKRs by secretly training on customer data that other teams don't use, just because that particular PM felt like ignoring the policy.

[*] Not a perfect analogy, because a bank teller is like a Slack customer service agent who might, presumably after asking for your consent, be able to access messages on your behalf. But in practice I doubt there's a way for an employee to use their personal, probably very time-limited access to funnel that data to a model training job. And at a certain level of maturity a company (hopefully) also no longer makes it possible for a human employee to train a model in a random notebook using whatever personal data access they have been granted and then deploy that same model to prod. Startups might work that way, though.

Isn’t Salesforce’s primary value proposition trust?
(comment deleted)
Salesforce's primary value proposition is that software quality doesn't matter.
Not to be glib, but this why we built Tonic Textual (www.tonic.ai/textual). It’s both very challenging and very important to protect data in training workflows. We designed Textual to make it easy to both redact sensitive data and replace it with contextually relevant synthetic data.
To add on to this: I think it should be mentioned that Slack says they'll prevent data leakage across workspaces in their model, but don't explain how they do this. They don't seem to go into any detail about their data safeguards and how they're excluding sensitive info from training. Textual is good for this purpose since it redacts PII thus preventing it from being leaked by the trained model.

Disclaimer: I work at Tonic

How do you handle proprietary data being leaked? Sure you can easily detect and redact names and phone numbers and addresses, but without significant context it seems difficult to detect whether "11 spices - mix with 2 cups of white flour ... 2/3 teaspoons of salt, 1/2 teaspoons of thyme [...]" is just a normal public recipe or a trade secret kept closely guarded for 70 years
Fair question, but you have to consider the realistic alternatives. For most of our customers inaction isn't an option. The combination of NER models + synthesis LLMs actually handles these types of cases fairly well. I put your comment into our web app and this was the output:

How do you handle proprietary data being leaked? Sure you can easily detect and redact names and phone numbers and addresses, but without significant context it seems difficult to detect whether "17 spices - mix with 2lbs of white flour ... half teaspoon of salt, 1 tablespoon of thyme [...]" is just a normal public recipe or a trade secret kept closely guarded for 75 years.

> Data will not leak across workspaces.

> If you want to exclude your Customer Data from helping train Slack global models, you can opt out.

I don't understand how both these statements can be true. If they are using your data to train models used across workspaces then it WILL leak. If they aren't then why do they need an opt out?

Edit: reading through the examples of AI use at the bottom of the page (search results, emoji suggestions, autocomplete), my guess is this policy was put in place a decade ago and doesn't have anything to do with LLMs.

Another edit: From https://slack.com/help/articles/28310650165907-Security-for-...

> Customer data is never used to train large language models (LLMs).

So yeah, sounds like a nothingburger.

They're saying they won't train generative models that will literally regurgitate your text, my guess is classifiers are fair game in their interpretation
You are assuming they're saying that, because it's one charitable interpretation of what they're saying.

But they haven't actually said that. It also happens that people say things based on faulty or disputed beliefs of their own, or people willfully misrprepresent things, etc

Until they actually do say something as explicit as what you suggest, they haven't said anything of the sort.

> Data will not leak across workspaces. For any model that will be used broadly across all of our customers, we do not build or train these models in such a way that they could learn, memorize, or be able to reproduce some part of Customer Data.

I feel like that is explicitly what this is saying.

The problem is, it's really really hard to guarantee that.

Yes if they only train say, classifiers, then the only thing that can leak is the classification outcome. But these things can be super subtle. Even a classifier could leak things if you can hack the context fed into it. They are really playing with fire here.

yes, i certainly agree with you. i think oftentimes these policies are written by non-technical people

i'm not entirely convinced that classifiers and LLMs are disjoint to begin with

If is also hard to guarantee that, in a multi-tenant application, users will never see other users' data due to causes like mistakes AuthZ logic, caching gone awry, or other unpredictable situations that come up in distributed systems—yet even before the AI craze we were all happy to use these SaaS products anyway. Maybe this class of vulnerability is indeed harder to tame than most, but third-party software has never been without risks.
The OP privacy policy explicitly states that autocompletion algorithms are part of the scope. "Our algorithm that picks from potential suggestions is trained globally on previously suggested and accepted completions."

And this can leak: for instance, typing "a good business partner for foobars is" might not send that text upstream per se, but would be consulting a local model whose training data would have contained conversations that other Slack users are having about brands that provide foobars. How can Slack guarantee that the model won't incorporate proprietary insights on sourcing the best foobar producers into its choice of the next token? And sure, one could build an adversarial model that attempts to minimize this kind of leakage, but is Slack incentivized to create such a thing vs. just building an optimal autocomplete as quickly as possible?

Even if it were just creating classifiers, similar leakages could occur there, albeit requiring more effort and time from attackers to extract actionable data.

I can't blame Slack for wanting to improve their product, but I'd also encourage any users with proprietary conversations to encourage their admins to opt out as soon as possible.

yeah i absolutely agree that even classifiers can leak, and the autocorrect thing sounds like i was wrong about generative (it sounds like an n-gram setup?)... although they also say they don't train LLMs (what is an n-gram? still an LM, not large... i guess?)
> How can Slack guarantee that the model won't incorporate proprietary insights on sourcing the best foobar producers into its choice of the next token?

This is explained literally in the next sentence after the one you quoted: "We protect data privacy by using rules to score the similarity between the typed text and suggestion in various ways, including only using the numerical scores and counts of past interactions in the algorithm."

If all the global model sees is {similarity: 0.93, past_interactions: 6, recommendation_accepted: true} then there is no way to leak tokens, because not only are the tokens not part of the output, they're not even part of the input. But such a simple model could still be very useful for sorting the best autocomplete result to the top.

This reminds me of a company called C3.ai which claims in its advertising to eliminate hallucations using any LLM. OpenAI, Mistral, and others at the forefront of this field can't manage this, but a wrapper can?? Hmm...
Ah yes, the stock everyone believed in and thought it would reach the moon during 2020.
(comment deleted)
Right? I take Slack and Salesforce at their word. They’re good companies and look out for the best interests of their customers. They have my complete trust.
How could this possibly comply with European "right to be forgotten" legislation? In fact, how could any of these AI models comply with that? If a user requests to be forgotten, is the entire model retrained (I don't think so).
> how could any of these AI models comply with that? If a user requests to be forgotten, is the entire model retrained (I don't think so).

I don't believe that is the current interpretation of GDPR, etc. - if the model is trained, it doesn't have to be deleted due to a RTBF request afaik. there is significant legal uncertainty here

Recent GDPR court decisions mean that this is probably still non-compliant due to the fact that it is opt-out rather than opt-in. Likely they are just filtering out all data produced in the EEA.

> Likely they are just filtering out all data produced in the EEA.

Likely they are just hoping to not get caught and/or consider it cost of doing business. GDPR has truly shown us (as if we didn't already know) that compliance must be enforced.

This "ai" scam going on now is the ultimate convoluted process to hide sooo much tomfuckery: theres no such thing as copyright anymore! this isn't stealing anything, its transforming it! you must opt out before we train our model on the entire internet! (and we still won't spits in our face) this isn't going to reduce any jobs at all! (every company on earth fires 15% of everyone immediately) you must return to office immediately or be fired! (so we get more car data teehee) this one weird trick will turn you into the ultimate productive programmer! (but we will be selling it to individuals not really making profitable products with it ourselves)

and finally the most aggregious and dangerous: censorship at the lowest level of information before it can ever get anywhere near peoples fingertips or eyeballs.

I bet Discord is next.
I regularly get ads or content on tiktok based on what I discuss in DMs on discord. It takes about an hour or sometimes even less.
Same, but on YouTube.
I can’t believe Slack added a bunch of AI features, without having admins opt into enabling them, and then put out a policy that requests that you send an email to have an opt out from your data being used for training. All of this should be opt-in and should respect the administrator’s prerogative. Very irresponsible for Salesforce (parent company) and I’ll be reconsidering if we continue using them, if this is the low trust way in which they will operate. We don’t have time to keep policing these things.
I would suggest not getting your knowledge of the world from the titles of upvoted HN posts and instead do your own research.
This is the final push we needed to move to Discord. Bye slack. We won't miss you.
Discord is not a better option than Slack. They are basically the same thing. Matrix is a better option from a privacy standpoint, just not from a UX one.
I recently tried Zulip [1] again after a few years and the UX is much improved on web and mobile, worth a look (it is OSS and you can self host).

[1] https://zulip.com/

It is a bold assumption to think that discord hasn't always been using harvested text/voice/video data to train models.
I pity the users who have to put up with an AI trained on my slack conversations ¯\_(ツ)_/¯
> We offer customers a choice around these practices

If you’re so customer-first, and make it so easy to opt out, just make it opt-in instead. Oh wait, you’re just a lying pathetic corpo

Sadly, even Firefox is using opt-out these days. I feel we're going downhill with regards to privacy.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40355982

> What Firefox’s search data collection means for you

> We understand that any new data collection might spark some questions. Simply put, this new method only categorizes the websites that show up in your searches — not the specifics of what you’re personally looking up.

> Sensitive topics, like searching for particular health care services, are categorized only under broad terms like health or society. Your search activities are handled with the same level of confidentiality as all other data regardless of any local laws surrounding certain health services.

> Remember, you can always opt out of sending any technical or usage data to Firefox. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to adjust your settings. We also don’t collect category data when you use Private Browsing mode on Firefox.

> As far as user experience goes, you won’t see any visible changes in your browsing. Our new approach to data will just enable us to better refine our product features and offerings in ways that matter to you.

Yeah these statements are always so benevolent, with the patronising undertone of “this is for your own good, for a better experience”.

SMH

Opt-out and arbitration should both be illegal.
> For any model that will be used broadly across all of our customers, we do not build or train these models in such a way that they could learn, memorise, or be able to reproduce some part of Customer Data

This feels so full of subtle qualifiers and weasel words that it generates far more distrust than trust.

It only refers to models used "broadly across all" customers - so if it's (a) not used "broadly" or (b) only used for some subset of customers, the whole statement doesn't apply. Which actually sounds really bad because the logical implication is that data CAN leak outside those circumstances.

They need to reword this. Whoever wrote it is a liability.

> They need to reword this. Whoever wrote it is a liability

Sounds like it’s been written specifically to avoid liability.

I'm sure it was lawyers. It's always lawyers.
Yes, lawyers do tend to have a part to play in writing things that present a legally binding commitment being made by an organisation. Developers really can’t throw stones from their glass houses here. How many of you have a pre-canned spiel explaining why the complexities of whichever codebase you spend your days on are ACTUALLY necessary, and are certainly NOT the result of over-engineering? Thought so.
> How many of you have a pre-canned spiel explaining why the complexities of whichever codebase you spend your days on are ACTUALLY necessary, and are certainly NOT the result of over-engineering? Thought so.

Hm, now you mention it, I don't think I've ever seen this specific example.

Not that we don't have jargon that's bordering on cant, leading to our words being easily mis-comprehended by outsiders: https://i.imgur.com/SL88Z6g.jpeg

Canned cliches are also the only thing I get whenever I try to find out why anyone likes the VIPER design pattern — and that's despite being totally convinced that (one of) the people I was talking to, had genuinely and sincerely considered my confusion and had actually experimented with a different approach to see if my point was valid.

(comment deleted)
Sure lawyers wrote it but I'd bet a lot there's a product or business person standing behind the lawyer saying - "we want to do this but don't be so obvious about it because we don't want to scare users away". And so lawyers would love to be very upfront about what is happening because that's the best way to avoid liability. However, that conflicts with what the business wants, and because the lawyer will still refuse to write anything that's patently inaccurate, you end up with a weasel word salad that is ambiguous and unhelpful.
- Create a Slack account for your 95-year-old grandpa

- Exclude that one account from using the models, he's never going to use Slack anyway

- Now you can learn, memorise, or reproduce all the Customer Data you like

Nah. Whoever decided to create the reality their counsel is dancing around with this disclaimer is the actual problem, though it's mostly a problem for us, rather than them.
It’s a problem for them if it looses customer trust / customers.
if they lose enough, they will "sorry we got caught"

if they don't, they will not do anything

If it impacted their business significantly, it would restore some of the faith I've lost in humanity recently. Frankly, I'm not holding my breath.
Especially when a few paragraphs below they say:

> If you want to exclude your Customer Data from helping train Slack global models, you can opt out.

So Customer Data is not used to train models "used broadly across all of our customers [in such a way that ...]", but... it is used to help train global models. Uh.

Why are these kinda things opt-out? And need to be discovered..

We're literally discussing switching to Teams at my company (1500 employees)

Obviously because no one would ever opt in.
I'd make sure to do an extended trial run first. Painful transition.
You’d be better off just not having chat than switching to Teams.
But the business will suffer by most likely being less successful due to less cohesive communication.. it's "The Ick" either way.
The idea that Slack makes companies work better needs some proof behind it, I’d say the amount of extra distraction is a net negative… but as with a lot of things in software and startups nobody researches anything and everyone writes long essays about how they feel things are.
Good point, could be that it reduces friction too far in some instances. However, in general less communication doesn't seem better for the bottom line.
Distraction is not enforced. Learning to control your attention and how to help yourself do it is crucial whatever you do in whatever time and in whatever technological context or otherwise. It is the most long term valuable resource you have.

I think we start to recognize this at larger scale.

Slack easily saves a ton of time solving complex problems that require interaction and expertise of a lot of people, often unpredictable number of them for each problem. They can answer with delay, in a good culture this is totally accepted and people still can independently move forward or switch tasks if necessary, same as with slower communication tools. You are not forced to answer with any particular lag, however slack makes it possible when needed to reduce it to zero.

Sometimes you are unsure if you need help or you can do smthing on your own. I certainly know that a lot of times eventually I had no chance whatsoever, because knowledge requires was too specialized, this is not always clear. Reducing barriers to communication in those cases is crucial and I don't see Slack being in the way here, only helpful.

The goal of organizing Slack is such that you pay right amount of attention to right parts of communication for you. You can do this if you really spend (hmm) attention trying to figure out what that is and how to tune your tools to achieve that.

That’s a lot of words with no proof isn’t it, it’s just your theory. Until I see a well designed study on such things I struggle to believe the conjecture you make either way. It could be quite possible that you benefit from Slack and I don’t.

Even receiving a message and not responding can be disruptive and on top I’d say being offline or ignoring messages is impossible in most companies.

Your idea also comes with no proof, just your personal experience.
Which is extremely clear from what I’m saying, it’s completely anecdotal.
This is your choice to trust only statements backed by scientific rigour or trying things out and applying to your way of life. This is just me talking to you, in that you are correct.

Regarding “receiving a message”: my devices are allowed only limited use of notifications. Of all the messaging/social apps only messages from my wife in our messaging app of choice pop us as notifications. Slack certainly is not allowed there

I'm not sure chat apps improve business communications. They are ephemeral, with differing expectations on different teams. Hardly what I'd label as "cohesive"

Async communications are critical to business success, to be sure -- I'm just not convinced that chat apps are the right tool.

From what I’ve seen (not much actually) Most channels can be replaced by a forum style discussion board. Chat can be great for 1:1 and small team interactions. And for tool interactions.
we use Teams and it's fine.

Just don't use the "Team" feature of it to chat. Use chat groups and 1-to-1 of course. We use "Team" channels only for bots: CI results, alerts, things like that.

Meetings are also chat groups. We use the daily meeting as the dev-team chat itself so it's all there. Use Loops to track important tasks during the day.

I'm curious what's missing/broken in Teams that you would rather not have chat at all?

If you switch to Teams only for this reason I have some bad news for you - there’s no way Microsoft is not (or will not start in future) doing the same. And you’ll get a subpar experience with that (which is an understatement).
I think a self hosted matrix/irc/jitsi is the way to do it.
We've been using Mattermost and it works very well. Better than Slack.

The only downside is their mobile app is a bit unreliable, in that it sometimes doesn't load threads properly.

I would guess Microsoft has a lot more government customers (and large customers in general) than Slack does. So I would think they have a lot more to loose if they went this route.
The Universal License Terms of Microsoft (applicable to Teams as well) clearly say they don't use customer data (Input) for training: https://www.microsoft.com/licensing/terms/product/ForallOnli... Whether someone believes it or not, is another question, but at least they tell you what you want to hear.
What if they exfiltrate customer data to a data broker and they buy it back?

It's not customer data anymore.

Unless your company makes a special arrangement with them, Microsoft will steal all of your data. It's at least in their TOS for Outlook, and for some reason doubt they wouldn't do the same for Teams.
Teams have better voice/video. But chat is far worse, absolutely shit, though Slack seems to be working to get there.
> Why are these kinda things opt-out? And need to be discovered..

Monies.

> We're literally discussing switching to Teams at my company (1500 employees)

Considering what Microsoft does with its "New and Improved(TM)" Outlook and love for OpenAI, I won't be so eager...

Ugh Teams = Microsoft. They are the worst when it comes to data privacy. I'm not sure how that is even a choice.
Hope it's not doublespeak, ambiguity leaves it grey, maybe to play.
Opt out is such bullshit.
so if I don't want slack to train on _anything_ what do I do? I still suspect everything now
To me it says that they _do_ train global models with customer data, but they are trying to ensure no data leakage (which will be hard, but maybe not impossible, if they are training with it).

The caveats are for “local” models, where you would want the model to be able to answer questions about discussions in the workspace.

It makes me wonder how they handle “private” chats, can they leak across a workspace?

Presumably they are trying to train a generic language model which has very low recall for facts in the training data, then using RAG across the chats that the logged on user can see to provide local content.

My intuition is that it's impossible to guarantee there are no leaks in the LLM as it stands today. It would surely require some new computer science to ensure that no part of any output that could ever possibly be developed isn't sensitive data from any of the input.

It's one thing if the input is the published internet (even if covered by copyright), it's entirely another to be using private training data from corporate water coolers, where bots and other services routinely send updates and query sensitive internal services.

There is a way. Build a preference model from the sensitive dataset. Then use the preference model with RLAIF (like RLHF but with AI instead of humans) to fine-tune the LLM. This way only judgements about the LLM outputs will pass from the sensitive dataset. Copy the sense of what is good, not the data.
You and many others here are conflating AI and LLMs. They are not the same thing. LLMs are a type of AI model that produce content, and if trained on customer data would gladly replicate them. However, the TOS explictly say that Generative AI models (=LLMs) are taken off the shelf and not retrained on customer data. Before LLMs exploded a year and a half ago lots of other AI models had been in place for several years in a lot of systems, handling categorization, search results ranking, etc. As they do not generate text or other content, they cannot leak data. The linked FAQ provides several examples of features based on such models, which are not LLMs: for example, they use customer data to determine a good emoji to suggest for reacting to a message based on the sentiment of the message. An emoji suggestion clearly has no potential of leaking customer data.
They are quite well differentiating generative AI models, that are not trained on customer data because they could leak customer data, and other types of AI models (e.g. recommendation systems) that do not work by reproducing content. The examples in the linked page are quite informative of the use cases that do use customer data.
I'm imagining a corporate slack, with information discussed in channels or private chats that exists nowhere else on the internet.. gets rolled into a model.

Then, someone asks a very specific question.. conversationally.. about such a very specific scenario..

Seems plausible confidential data would get out, even if it wasn't attributed to the client.

Not that it’s possible to ask an llm how a specific or random company in an industry might design something…

exactly. a fun game to see why it is so hard to prevent this

https://gandalf.lakera.ai/

Sometimes the obvious questions are met with a lot of silence.

I don't think I can be the only one who has had a conversation with GPT about something obscure they might know but there isn't much about online, and it either can't find anything... or finds it, and more.

Gandalf is a great tool for bringing awareness to AI hacking, but Lakera also trains on the prompts you provide when you play the game. See the bottom of that page. "Disclaimer: we may use the fully anonymized input to Gandalf to improve Gandalf and for Lakera AI's products and services. "
If you trained on customer data your service contains custom data.
The problem is this also covers very reasonable use cases.

Use sampling across messages for spam detection, predicting customer retention, etc - pretty standard.

Then there's cases where you could have models more like llms that can output data from the training set but you're running them for that customer.

Whatever lawyer wrote that should be fired. This poorly written nonsense makes it look like Slack is trying to look shady and subversive. Even if well intended this is a PR blunder.
I think it's as clear as it can be, they go into much more detail and provide examples in their bullet points, here are some highlights:

Our model learns from previous suggestions and whether or not a user joins the channel we recommend. We protect privacy while doing so by separating our model from Customer Data. We use external models (not trained on Slack messages) to evaluate topic similarity, outputting numerical scores. Our global model only makes recommendations based on these numerical scores and non-Customer Data.

We do this based on historical search results and previous engagements without learning from the underlying text of the search query, result, or proxy. Simply put, our model can't reconstruct the search query or result. Instead, it learns from team-specific, contextual information like the number of times a message has been clicked in a search or an overlap in the number of words in the query and recommended message.

These suggestions are local and sourced from common public message phrases in the user’s workspace. Our algorithm that picks from potential suggestions is trained globally on previously suggested and accepted completions. We protect data privacy by using rules to score the similarity between the typed text and suggestion in various ways, including only using the numerical scores and counts of past interactions in the algorithm.

To do this while protecting Customer Data, we might use an etrnal model (not trained on Slack messages) to classify the sentiment of the message. Our model would then suggest an emoji only considering the frequency with which a particular emoji has been associated with messages of that sentiment in that workspace.

(comment deleted)
> They need to reword this. Whoever wrote it is a liability.

Wow you're so right. This multi-billion dollar company should be so thankful for your comment. I can't believe they did not consult their in-house lawyers before publishing this post! Can you believe those idiots? Luckily you are here to save the day with your superior knowledge and wisdom.

(comment deleted)
How can anyone in their right mind think building AI for emoji selection is a remotely good use of time...
> "These types of thoughtful personalizations and improvements are only possible if we study and understand how our users interact with Slack."

LOL

I’d use that, at work. It would be a welcome improvement to their product.
it's just a justification for collecting tokens
Tokens (outside of a few trillion ) are worthless imo, I think OAI has pushed that limit, let the others chase them with billions into the ocean of useless conversational data and drown.
(comment deleted)
Story time.

I was at a VC conference last year and if I learned nothing else there, I learned how to spell "AI". Every single exhibitor just about had their signage proudly proclaiming their capabilities in this area, but one in particular struck me.

They were touting the API integrations they could offer to train their "Enterprise AI"/LLM, and among those integrations were things like M365, Slack, etc.

It struck me because of the garbage in, garbage out problem. I'd like to think that the amount of shitposting I do on Slack personally will poison that particular well of training data, but this seems to point to a larger problem to me.

LLM's don't have a concept of truth or reality, or awareness of any sort. If the training data they are fed is poorly quality checked/unsanitized by human intelligence, the outputs will be as useless/noisy as the original data set. It feels to me that in the frothy rush to capture market buzz and VC, this is being forgotten.

Am I missing something, here?

Yes, consider an existing LLM being given “shitpost-y” messages and asking it if there is anything interesting in there. It could probably summarize it well and that could then be used for training another LLM.

etc etc

This assumes everything in the training data set is accurate. Sometimes people are wrong, obtuse, sarcastic, etc. LLM's don't have any way of detecting or accounting for this, do they?

That output, then being used to train other LLM's, just creates an ouroboros of AI generated dogshit.

LLMs are state-of-the-art at detecting sarcasm. It won't help if the data is just wrong though.

Edit: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.03706 Human performance on this benchmark (detecting sarcasm in Reddit comments) was 0.82, a BERT-based LLM scored 0.79.

https://arxiv.org/abd/2106.05752 LSTM, 98% at detecting sarcasm in a Project Gutenburg-based dataset.

> LLMs are state-of-the-art at detecting sarcasm.

This is such a precious gem.

And yet human civilization has survived the fact that many humans are wrong, lying, delusional, etc. There is no assumption that everything in our personal training set is accurate. In fact, things work better when we explicitly reject that idea.

LLMs do not rely on 100% factually accurate inputs. Sure, you’d rather have less BS than more, but this is all statistics. Just like most people realize that flat earthers are nutty, LLMs can ingest falsehoods without reducing output quality (again, subject to statistics)

Output quality is low enough that the term "hallucinations" has been coined. Statistics doesn't appear to fix this.
The training data doesn't need to be strictly accurate. If it was, you'd just be programming a deterministic robot. The whole point is the feed it actual human language. Giving it shitposts and sarcasm is literally what makes it good. Think of it like 100 people guessing the number of marbles in a jar. Average their guesses and it will be very close. The training data is the guesses, the inference is the average.
Why shouldn’t AI be able to shitpost too? At the very least, and much more importantly, AI should be able to recognize shitposting.
This is the crux of it, and where I'm wondering if I'm missing something. Can it, today? My understanding is it cannot discern reality from fiction, thus "hallucinations" (a misnomer because it implies awareness, which these probability models lack).
That sounds surprisingly human
The poorly named hallucinations are creation of ideas from provided prompts, which ideas are not grounded in reality. It isn't the mistaken adjudication of the reality of a provided prompt.
The sheer scale of data on the long tail. Sure, the head is already a trash pile and has been for decades now, but there is plenty of non-monetized information all over the internet that is barely linked to or otherwise discoverable.
It does not matter how hard they try, nothing will rival the CommonCrawl treasure trove except maybe Google's index itself.
Same for Reddit or Facebook groups. There's a lot of shitposting there, but absolutely a lot of valuable information if LLMs manage to separate the wheat from the chaff.
The best LLMs were trained on data from the open internet, which is full of garbage. They still do a pretty good job (granted it has been fine tuned and RLHF'd, but you can do that with Slack data too)
What do you think chatGPT uses as training data?

The whole world’s “sh*tposting”: Reddit, blogs, and the rest of the internet.

But also books and Wikipedia and what not.

You can “smooth” all the crap out via the training procedure.

But even more, Slack can easily filter training data to, say, only posts in high-use channels.

Further, slack has other options: eg, use their customer data only for marginal fine-tuning, for example.

Or, they don’t even know their use case yet - but want to wrap their arms around your data pronto.

how does the training procedure smooth the garbage out?
Through regularization techniques, data augmentation, loss functions, and gradient optimization, ensuring the model focuses on meaningful patterns and reduces overfitting to noise.
It’s not obvious how any of those would do anything but better approximate the average of a noisy dataset. RLHF might help, but only if it’s not done by idiots.
What makes you think I don't shitpost in the #engineering channel?

And heuristics don't even scratch the surface of the bigger problem where it's trained on people who aren't great at their jobs but type a lot of words on slack about circling back on KPIs.

I think those types of people are actually shockingly well paid. If slack can make bots to replace them, they’ll print money, right?
That's all well and good until something goes down and you need someone knowledgeable to diplomatically shout at a vendor.
ChatGPT isn't known for it's accuracy though, is it? They coined the term "hallucination" because it is wrong so much.
Most shitposting is probably more straightforward to understand than business communication or press releases where realizing what wasn't said often carries more insight than the things that were said.

Of course training an AI model on simple, straightforward and honest data provides good results. That's the essence behind "textbooks is all you need" which lead to the phi LLMs. Those are great small LLMs. But if you want your model to understand the complexity of human communication you have to include it in your training data.

If you subscribe to the idea that to be the very best text completion engine possible you would need to have a perfect understanding of reality itself, how different humans perceive reality differently, and how they choose to communicate about this perception and their interaction with reality, themselves and other humans, then it's not unreasonable to expect that back-propagation would eventually find that optimal representation if given enough data, the right architecture and enough processing power. Or at least come somewhat close. In that paradigm there is no "bad data", only insufficient or badly balanced datasets. Just don't try doing that with a 3B parameter LLM.

Along the same lines, phi-3 is kind of a sign of what you can do if you focus only on high quality data. It seems like while yes, quantity is very important, quality almot matters just as much.
I think what you're missing is assuming that what an LLM "reads" thinks is a true statement. Shitposting is almost like meta slang. I feel like that's a necessary thing for it to train on to truly understand language. I feel like people underestimate the depth LLMs can pick up on.
The more obvious things are that it's not training llms fully on all channels.

Some quick ideas:

Search and summarize other messages. No new llms training and about mostly linking to existing answers.

Fine tune on your messages, but only customer support messages in the public channel, not "eng-shitpost"

Natural language requests over your company data.

(comment deleted)
In case this is helpful to anyone else, I opted out earlier today with an email to feedback@slack.com

Subject: Slack Global Model opt-out request.

Body:

<my workspace>.slack.com

Please opt the above Slack Workspace out of training of Slack Global Models.

Make sure you put a period at the end of the subject line. Their quoted text includes a period at the end.

Please also scold them for behaving unethically and perhaps breaking the law.

We just opted out. I told them our lawyers have been instructed to watch them like a hawk.
The period is outside the quotes though, are you suggesting we should have the quotes too?
The section from the OP I'm referring to is:

    Contact us to opt out. If you want to exclude your Customer Data from Slack global models, you can opt out. To opt out, please have your Org or Workspace Owners or Primary Owner contact our Customer Experience team at feedback@slack.com with your Workspace/Org URL and the subject line “Slack Global model opt-out request.” We will process your request and respond once the opt out has been completed.
That includes a period before inside the quotes which would suggest a period inside the subject line.
There's some shenanigans going on here, of course. The section I was looking at says...

To opt out, please have your org, workspace owners or primary owner contact our Customer Experience team at feedback@slack.com with your workspace/org URL and the subject line ‘Slack global model opt-out request’.

That's weak. Be better, Slack.

For reference, I got an email back saying I was opted out and a bunch of justifications about why it's okay what they did and zero mention of the legality of opting people in by default.

I don't think this is shenanigans, just inconsistent use of English rules. I'd be floored if a judge ruled the period was pertinent here; there's no linguistic value or meaning to it (i.e. the meaning of the message is the same with or without it).

I'd be very surprised to hear that Slack was allowed to propose a free-form communication method, impose rigid rules on it, and then deny anyone who fails to meet those rigid rules. If Slack was worried about having to read all of these emails, they should have made a PDF form or just put it on a toggle in the Workspace settings. This is a self-inflicted problem.

>Our mission is to build a product that makes work life simpler, more pleasant and more productive.

I know it would be impossible but I wish we go back to the days when we didn't have Slack (or tools alike). Our Slack is a cesspool of people complaining, talking behind other people's backs, echo chamber of negativity etc.

That probably speaks more to the overall culture of the company, but Slack certainly doesn't help.You can also say "tool is not the problem, people are" - sure, we can always explain things away, but Slack certainly plays a role here.

No, I don’t think Slack does play a role in this. It is quite literally a communication tool (and I’d argue one that encourages far _more_ open communication than others).

If Slack is a cesspool, that’s because your company culture is a cesspool.

I think open communication in a toxic environment can obviously amplify toxicity or at least less open communication can act as a damper on toxicity.

Slack is surely not the generator of toxicity but it seems obvious it could act at increasing the bandwidth.

You can't have it both ways.

I disagree slack plays a role. You only mentioned human aspects, nothing to do with technology. There was always going to be instant messaging as software once computers and networks were invented. You'd just say this happens over email and blame email.
> That probably speaks more to the overall culture of the company

Yep. Fun fact, my last workplace had a fairly nontoxic Slack... but there was a whole second Slack dedicated to bitching and shitposting where the bosses weren't invited. Humans gonna human.

Was not limited to just the bosses who were not invited. If you weren’t in the cool club you also did not get an invite.

A very inclusive company on paper that was very exclusionary behind the scenes.

What happened when someone from the cool club got promoted and became a boss?
Your company sucks. I’ve used slack at four workplaces and it’s not been at all like that. A previous company had mailing lists and they were toxic as you describe. The tool was not the issue.
Yeah, written communication is harder than in-person communication.

It’s easy to come across poorly in writing, but that issue has no easy resolution unless you’re prepared to ban Slack, email, and any other text-based communication system between employees.

Slack can sometimes be a place for people who don’t feel heard in conventional spaces to vent — but that’s an organisational problem, not a Slack problem.

Switch to Teams instead.

Only half-kidding, but it's an application which is so repulsive it seems to discourage people from communicating at all.

HN isn't really a bastion of media literacy or tech criticism. If you ever ask "does [some technology] affect [something qualitative] about [anything]", the response on hn is always going to be "technology isn't responsible, it's how the technology is used that is responsible!", asserting, over and over again, that technology is always neutral.

The idea that the mechanism of how people communicate affects what people communicate is a pretty foundational concept in media studies (a topic which is generally met with a hostile audience on HN). Slack almost certainly does play a role, but people who work in technology are incentivized to believe that technology does not affect people's behaviors, because that belief allows people who work in technology to be free of any and all qualitative or moral judgements on any grounds; the assertion that technology does not play a role is something that technology workers cling to because it absolves them of all guilt in all situations, and makes them, above all else, innocent in every situation. On the specific concept of a medium of communication affecting what is being communicated, McLuhan took these ideas to such an extreme that it's almost ludicrous, but he still had some pretty interesting observations worth thinking on, and his writing on this topic is some of the earlier work. This is generally the place where people first look, because much of the other work assumes you've understood McLuhan's work in advance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understanding_Media

> We offer Customers a choice around these practices. If you want to exclude your Customer Data from helping train Slack global models, you can opt out. If you opt out, Customer Data on your workspace will only be used to improve the experience on your own workspace and you will still enjoy all of the benefits of our globally trained AI/ML models without contributing to the underlying models.

Why would anyone not opt-out? (Besides not knowing they have to of course…)

Seems like only a losing situation.

> Why would anyone not opt-out?

This is basically like all privacy on the internet.

Everyone WOULD opt-out, if it was easy, and it becomes a whack-a-optput game.

note how you opt-out (generic contact us), and what happens when you do opt-out (they still train anyway)

When we send our notice, we are going to be sending a notice that we want none of our data used for any ML training from Slack or anyone else.
Opt out should be the default by law
so upgrades and customer approves everything? slippery slope to over regulation
The status quo is consumer abuse.
I’d take over regulation every day over unabashed user abuse in the name of free markets.
> We offer Customers a choice around these practices.

I remembered the joke from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, maybe they will have a small hint in a very inconspicuous place, like inserting this into the user agreement on page 300 or so.

Never more true than with apple.

Activating an iphone for example has a screen devoted to how privacy is important!

It will show you literally thousands of pages of how they take privacy seriously!

(and you can't say NO anywhere in the dialog, they just show you)

They are normalizing "you cannot do anything", and then everyone does it.

Which third party does Apple sell your profile to or your data to?

What do they do with the content of your emails for advertising?

Which credit card networks at which retailers feed that same profile?

So it’s certainly “more true” with, well, every other vendor you can buy a phone from in a telco store or big box store.

> Which third party does Apple sell your profile to or your data to?

almost every single municipal government including but not limited to politically sanctioned nations: https://www.apple.com/legal/transparency/

Seriously, for your sake; don't do this whole "I am the champion of Apple's righteousness" shtick. Apple doesn't care about privacy. That's the bottom line, you lack the authority to prove otherwise.

why do they feel entitled to collect and use the data for any purpose if I don't want it?
But the plans were on display…” “On display? I eventually had to go down to the cellar to find them.” “That’s the display department.” “With a flashlight.” “Ah, well, the lights had probably gone.” “So had the stairs.” “But look, you found the notice, didn’t you?” “Yes,” said Arthur, “yes I did. It was on display in the bottom of a locked filing cabinet stuck in a disused lavatory with a sign on the door saying ‘Beware of the Leopard.
> Why would anyone not opt-out?

Because you might actually want to have the best possible global models ? Think of "not opting out" as "helping them build a better product". You are already paying for that product, if there is anything you can do, for free and without any additional time investment on your side that makes their next release better, why not do it ?

You gain a better product for the same price, they get a better product to sell. It might look like they get more than you do in the trade, and that's probably true; but just because they gain more does not mean you lose. A "win less / win more" situation is still a win-win. (It's even a win-win-win if you take into account all the other users of the platform).

Of course, if you value the privacy of these data a lot, and if you believe that by allowing them to train on them it is actually going to risk exposing private info, the story changes. But then you have an option to say stop. It's up to you to measure how much you value "getting a better product" vs "estimated risk of exposing some information considered private". Some will err on one side, some on the other.

> Think of "not opting out" as "helping them build a better product"

I feel like someone would only have this opinion if they've never ever dealt with any in the tech industry, or capitalist, in their entire life. So like 8-19 year olds? Except even they seem to understand that the profit absolutist goals undermine everything.

This idea has the same smell as "We're a family" company meetings.

Do I have free access to and use of those models? If not, I don't care to help them.
I for one consider it my duty to bravely sacrifice my privacy to the alter of corporate profit so that the true beauty of LLM trained in emojis and cat gifs can bring humanity to the next epoch.
"Best" and "better" is doing a lot of extremely heavy lifting here.

Are you sure you actually want what's hiding under those weasel words?

> Of course, if you value the privacy of these data a lot, and if you believe that by allowing them to train on them it is actually going to risk exposing private info, the story changes. But then you have an option to say stop. It's up to you to measure how much you value "getting a better product" vs "estimated risk of exposing some information considered private". Some will err on one side, some on the other.

The problem with this reasoning, at least from what I am understanding is that you don't really know when/where the training of you data crosses the line into information you don't want to share until it's too late. It's also a slippery slope.

> Think of "not opting out" as "helping them build a better product"

Then they can simply pay me for that. I have zero interest in helping any company improve their products for free -- I need some reasonable consideration in return. For example, a percent of their revenues from products that use my data in their development. I'm totally willing to share the data with them for 2-3% of their revenues, that seems acceptable to me.

How could this make slack a better product? The platform was very convenient for sharing files and proprietary information with coworkers, but now I can't trust that slack won't slip in some "opt out if you don't want us to look at your data" "setting" in the future.

I don't see any cogent generative AI tie-in for slack, and I can't imagine any company that would value a speculative, undefined hypothetical benefit more than they value their internal communications remaining internal.

I’d be surprised if more 1% opt out.
I'd be surprised if any legal department in any company with one will not freak the f out when they read this. They will likely loose the biggest customers first, so even if it is 1% of customers, it will likely affect their bottom line enough to give it a second though. I don't see how they might profit from an in-house LLM more than from their enterprise-tier plans.

Their customer support will have a hell of a day today.

Because it's default opt-in, and most people won't see this announcement.
Yep, much like just about every credit card company shares your personal information BY DEFAULT with third parties unless you explicitly opt out (this includes Chase, Amex, Capital One, but likely all others).
how do you opt out of these? I do share my data with rocket money though since there's no good alternatives :(
For Chase Personal and Amex you can opt out in the settings. When you get new credit cards these institutions have the default setting to sharing your data. For Capital One you need to call them and have a chit chat that you want to exercise the restriction advertised in their privacy policy and they'll do it for you.

PG&E has a "Do not sell my info" form.

For other institutions, go check the settings and read the privacy policies.

I don't see the point of Rocket Money. They seem like they exist to sell your info.

You should keep track of your own subscriptions. My way of doing this is to have a separate zero-annual-fee credit card ONLY for subscriptions and I never use that card for anything else. That way I can cleanly see all my subscriptions on that credit card's bill, cleanly laid out, one per line, without other junk. I can also quickly spot sudden increases in monthly charges. I also never use that card in physical stores so that reduces the chance of a fraud incident where I need to cancel that card and then update all my subscriptions.

If you want to organize it even more, get a zero-annual-fee credit card that lets you set up virtual cards. You can then categorize your subscriptions (utilities, car, cloud/API, media, memberships, etc.) and that lets you keep track of how much you're spending on each category each month.

Because they don't seem to make it easy. It doesn't seem as a individual user I have any say in how my data is used, I have to contact the Workspace Owner. When I do I'll be asking them to look at alternative platforms instead.

"Contact us to opt out. If you want to exclude your Customer Data from Slack global models, you can opt out. To opt out, please have your Org or Workspace Owners or Primary Owner contact our Customer Experience team at feedback@slack.com with your Workspace/Org URL and the subject line “Slack Global model opt-out request.” We will process your request and respond once the opt out has been completed."

You can always quit your job right? /s
I'm the one who picked Slack over a decade ago for chat, so hopefully my opinion still holds weight on the matter.

One of the primary reasons Slack was chosen was because they were a chat company, not an ad company, and we were paying for the service. Under these parameters, what was appropriate to say and exchange on Slack was both informally and formally solidified in various processes.

With this change, beyond just my personal concerns, there are legitimate concerns at a business level that need to be addressed. At this point, it's hard to imagine anything but self-hosted as being a viable path forward. The fact that chat as a technology has devolved into its current form is absolutely maddening.

Opting out in this way may implicitly opt you in to workspace specific models.
Whats baffling to me is why companies think that when they slap AI on the press release, their customers will suddenly be perfectly fine with them scraping and monetizing all of their data on an industrial scale, without even asking for permission. In a paid service. Where the service is private communication.
Most people don't care, paid service or not. People are already used to companies stealing and selling their data up and down. Yes, this is absolutely crazy. But was anything substantial done against it before? No, hardly anyone was raising awareness against it. Now we keep reaping what we were sawing. The world keeps sinking deeper and deeper into digital fascism.
Companies do care: Why would you take additional risk of data leakage for free? In the best case scenario nothing happens but you also don't get anything out of it, in the worst case scenario extremely sensitive data from private chats get exposed and hits your company hard.
Companies are comprised of people. Some people in some enterprises care. I'd wager that in any company beyond a tiny upstart you'll have people all over the hierarchy that dont care. And some of them will be responsible for toggling that setting... Or not, because they just can't be arsed to with how little they care about the chat histories of the people they'll likely never even going to interact with being used to train some AI.
I am not pro-exploiting users' ignorance for their data, but I would counter this with the observation that slapping AI on product suddenly makes people care about the fact that companies are monetizing on their usage data.

Monetizing on user activity data through opt-out collection is not new. Pretending that his phenomenon has anything to do with AI seems like a play for attention that exploits peoples AI fears.

I'll sandwich my comments with a reminder that I am not pro-exploiting users' ignorance for their data.

Sure - but isn't this a little like comparing manual wiretapping to dragnet? (Or comparing dragnet to ubiquitous scrape-and-store systems like those employed by five-eyes?)

Scale matters

People care because AI will gladly regurgitate whatever it learns.
i mean, i am in complete agreement, but at least in theory the only reason for them to add AI to the product would be to make the product better, which would give you a better product per-dollar.
I'm willing to bet that for smaller companies, they just won't care enough to consider this an issue and that's what Slack/Salesforce is hedging on.

I can't see a universe in which large corpos would allow such blatant corporate espionage for a product they pay for no less. But I can already imagine trying to talk my CTO (who is deep into the AI sycophancy) into opting us out is gonna be arduous at best.

…a choice that’s carefully hidden deep in the ToS and requires a special person to send a special e-mail instead of just adding an option to the org admin interface.
What I don't understand is why it's an opt-out not opt-in. From a legal standpoint, it seems if there is an option to not have something done to you, it should be the default. For example, people don't have to opt-out of giving me all their money when they pass by my house, even if I were to try to claim it's part of my terms of service.
Consent should be opt-in not opt-out. Yes means yes!
Can we start going a step further by demanding that consent must be opt-in and not opt-out? Requesting isn't good enough.
GDPR got that covered, now it just needs to become global, and enforced.
In summary, you must opt-out if you want to exclude your data from global models.

Incredibly confusing language since they also vaguely state that "data will not leak across workspaces".

Use tools that cannot leak data not "will not".

what is the difference between "will not" and "cannot" in legalese?
"Will not" allows the existence of a bridge but it's not on your route and you say you're not going to go over it. "Cannot" is the absence of a bridge or the ability to cross it.
My off leash dog will not bite you, he is well behaved. My dog at home cannot bite you, he is too far away.
Aren't all tools, essentially, just one API call away from "leaking data"?
In this case they mean leak into the global model — so no. You can have sovereignty of your data if you use an open protocol like IRC or Matrix, or a self-hosted tool like Zulip, Mattermost, Rocket Chat, etc
Most, if not all SaaS software is multi-tenant, so we've been living in the "will not" world for decades now.
In your experience.
The SaaS business model breaks if you go single tenant except in Fortune 500 enterprise
In your experience. I have deployed single tenant SaaS for years, very much not Fortune 500. It's really not hard to give each customer their own server.
That's exactly my point. "File over app"[1] is just as relevant for businesses as it is for individuals — if you don't want your data to be used for training, then take sovereignty of it.

[1] https://stephango.com/file-over-app

"File over app" is a good way of putting it!

Something strange is happening on your blog, fwiw: Bookmarking it via command + D flips the color scheme to "night mode" – is that intentional?

Ah good catch. Yes the "D" key can be used to switch light/dark mode, but I didn't account for the bookmark shortcut. That should be fixed now. Thanks!
can't wait for someone to recreate the secret keys that were shared via slack using those models.
(comment deleted)