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I am unclear on what’s happening here or what grounds ULA has to prevent photos from being taken. How can someone prevent someone from taking photos in a public space?

Edit: found the answer deep in the article. “ The launch site is not a public space but rather a ULA-operated facility on a US military base”

They can't, and like many companies and organizations, they are going learn the hard way.

To those downvoting: ULA is going after anyone taking photos, not just ones that have been invited onto the property. RTFA. No one should sign any agreements if they feel they're being forced to, and make sure you have your lawyer in the loop.

It’s not public space, it’s a launch facility literally on a military base.
It's public space in the sense that it's government facilities located on government property. The US military is an arm of the US government and everything is paid for with tax dollars.

Access to the public-at-large is obviously controlled as you implied, though, since it is a military facility.

No sane person thinks a US military base qualifies as "public space" for photography purposes.

Those insane enough to think it does usually end up arrested for taking pictures of classified things.

> The language was clear: Photographers were welcome to set up remote shots at ULA launches if they worked for the media or wanted to post their work on social media. However, photographers could not sell this work independently, including as prints for fellow enthusiasts or for use in annual calendars.

If they're OK with posting it on social media, it's very clear security isn't the concern.

There's a difference between limiting photographs for national security reasons, and limiting photographs for profit motive or control of the press.

I think I'm a sane person, I and think if the press is allowed to take photos on a military base, they should also be allowed to sell those photos. This seems very related to freedom of speech and freedom of the press; it's literally the government trying to limit these things in this case.

Read TFA. The press is unaffected.
Is there a "press license" in USA?
Not as such, but working for a credible agency is certainly a thing. Could be a newspaper or a TV station, or a syndicate like the Associated Press or UPI.
its not a thing in terms of rights or laws. By choosing arbitrary media orgs who can and disallowing normal people who are also press by law, they're kind of screwing themselves here. They can no longer claim this is a security or safety issue.
I don’t think they were saying that, just some posted here.

They’re allowed to set the rules on private property.

A NASA launch site is not a public park.

There is a technical legal difference here, although it doesn’t amount to much in practice.

A NASA launch site, even a military base - as government property it formally falls within the scope of the First Amendment. However, once you start evaluating the case law exceptions, almost certainly one or more of them will apply, effectively cancelling out the First Amendment in practice.

By contrast, a purely private launch site, like SpaceX’s Boca Chica, isn’t normally within the scope of the First Amendment to begin with, so we don’t even have to consider the exceptions.

I think the fact that ULA’s site is leased government property doesn’t per se remove it from the First Amendment’s scope (unlike purely private property such as Boca Chica). But even though it is technically in scope, once the exceptions are considered, it might as well not be.

That said, one can think up rather unlikely hypotheticals in which it might make a difference in practice. Suppose, however bizarrely, SpaceX chose to allow a religious group to hold services at its Boca Chica launch site, or a political party to hold a rally there - and then denied requests from competing religious/political groups for the same privilege - as a purely private site, that would likely be within their 1st Amendment rights. By contrast, if they wanted to do the same thing on property they lease from NASA at KSC - or from Space Force at Cape Canaveral or Vandenberg - it could well violate the First Amendment were the government to allow them to do that. Of course, in reality, it is extremely unlikely SpaceX would ever want to do such a thing.

To the extent that is a First Amendment issue at all (which is debatable), I think it would be classified as a content-neutral time/place/manner restriction, which are frequently upheld: https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manne...

I don’t agree with this ULA decision, and I extra disagree with ULA’s apparent avoidance of public discussion of the reasons behind it. But I’d be very surprised if any court ruled against it

You are defining freedom of the press to only apply to a narrow definition of press composed solely of professional agencies which certainly wasn't the case at inception of our country and is also misaligned with legal interpretation thereafter.
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This dig is so off I honestly don't know what you are getting at.

Freedom of the press can't be limited to government defined group without being abrogated entirely. It is rather the freedom of a citizen to inform their fellows.

Likewise national security concerns isn't licence to impose commercial limits on such freedoms without an actual security concern. Once you allow photos to be shared there is no security interest in who gets paid.

Failure to attend to the relevant and discard the irrelevant makes it hard to arrive at a reasonable argument.

I’m noting that it’s been fashionable to go after people making these types of arguments for… a decade now?

Or ‘protest zones’.

Either way, I’m struggling to think of a time where the military was okay with folks being around they didn’t have control over.

Read the comment you replied to, they clearly know that.
everybody is the press in the USA. The first amendment guarantees this. This arbitrary idea that you're only press if you belong to some media org is unconstitutional. There is no organization in the government or in private hands that certifies you as press for the purpose of the law.

The ULA has actually kind of screwed themselves with this - its not a safety policy on base because they're still allowing some photographers who belong to media orgs. They're allowing photographers who dont belong to media orgs so long as they agree to not sell pictures. The only thing this policy does is restrain the first amendment rights of a subset of photographers.

As far as I can tell its an infringement on first amendment rights and ULA has carefully crafted it so they cannot argue a safety or security reason. It clearly only affects those who want to sell the product of their photography, and only those not in some media org that has no bearing on who is press to the law.

They kind of f'd themselves with this. Did they not run it by a lawyer? Or do they assume nobody makes enough money doing rocket photography to actually sue them?

To be clear, while I think it's a shitty decision, there's no First Amendment issue here. ULA isn't a government organization. They rent the launch site from the government, but under terms that clearly must permit them to restrict access.
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The press is still allowed to sell the photos. Only hobbyists (people who do not acuire permits) are effected.
There is no official distinction on who is defined as press on the US
There’s usually tons of viewing spots for pedestrians, are those on the property still? I bet some will be able to get good shots from afar
Yes. These agreements are ones for photographers to get "privileged" access to leave equipment inside the secure zone.
> Dodd said he is confused about why ULA would care whether these hobbyists make a little money from their efforts.

To avoid the tragedy of the commons.

...the what? We're worried about cows overgrazing a pasture full of photos of ULA launches?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragedy_of_the_commons

It's a finite resource that's being provided for free. The photographers making money have every interest in monopolizing that space. Leaving this situation unchecked produces consequences that are so predictable they have their own specific label.

I... don't think this is about the physical space that the cameras take up. I think someone at ULA management thinks they can make $$$ selling stock photos of launches, but someone else still wants press organizations to have pictures, so the compromise was "media organizations only, must show evidence of publication, no sublicensing".
This isn't a tragedy of the commons, as this isn't even in the commons: it's a private space. The ULA should just charge for access.
> it's a private space.

That is being provided for free on a first come first serve basis. I'm not sure why it's difficult to apprehend the challenges that naturally come with this type of arrangement.

> The ULA should just charge for access.

This would increase the operational load from serving this group. It seems to me this is the opposite of what they want.

From Wikipedia:

> The tragedy of the commons is the concept which states that if many people enjoy unfettered access to a finite, valuable resource such as a pasture, they will tend to overuse it and may end up destroying its value altogether.

The photographers don't destroy the value of the space, as it's there after they leave, as whole as before they came. The tragedy of the commons more commonly refers to resources that can be consumed/destroyed. Otherwise using any resource at all is a tragedy of the commons.

> The tragedy of the commons more commonly refers to resources that can be consumed/destroyed.

Physical space and access are both resources. Two objects can't occupy the same physical space. Access is provided on a first come, first served basis.

> Otherwise using any resource at all is a tragedy of the commons.

When one person using the resource, even temporarily, deprives another of using it, then we are in similar, but obviously not identical, territory.

Critically, since we CANNOT increase the amount of space for photographers on the site, we face the same _immediate consequences_ as the given example.

If we didn't then this article would not exist and we would not be having this discussion.

Again, that's not what a tragedy of the commons is. Temporarily using a finite resource isn't a tragedy of the commons. It's just usage.
That's precisely what it is. The definition has an origin which you are rather parochially clinging to. The term has definitely been broadened to include an entire class of similar social dilemmas, examples of which abound, including my original comparison.
You are just using the term incorrectly the same way people try to wield logical fallacies as if they are a spell in Harry Potter as if naming the argument obviates the need to make the argument now you scramble to hold the position.

Not having enough of something isn't a tragedy. It would be a tragedy if people with a pop up T-shirt site prevented actual journalism for lack of resources but we have no reason to believe that is so and that is prevented by giving priority to those affiliated with actual publications ahead of bloggers and capping total cameras. The solution doesn't make sense even if the tragedy were real

You are presuming the term has a singular definition and that everyone is in agreement about it. This precise disagreement occurs in plenty of other circles. I happen to be with the camp that suggests that "finite" in "finite resources" does not imply definiteness and temporary exhaustion which occurs on a regular schedule might in fact qualify. Is why the idea of "The Tragedy of the Digital Commons" actually exists and is openly debated.

I'm sorry you and so many choose to ignore this and insist the conversation stick to terms defined a century ago. When the original idea from antiquity is broad enough to encompass the very simple notion I put forward.

"That which is common to the greatest number gets the least amount of care. Men pay most attention to what is their own: they care less for what is common." - Aristotle

The tragedy of the commons is the tendency of groups of individuals to make poor usage of common goods to everyones detriment due to the diffuse nature of collective responsibility and greed.

There is no tragedy as of yet as far as anyone has asserted by any definition and certainly not one of the Commons given the space has a singular steward who manages use and conditions of access.

Uh. Unless you are into some heavy animist stuff, taking photos does not “use up” the object being photographed. You’re capturing photons which are emitted or reflected by the object being photographed - or are you concerned that we will run out of photons? I can assure you, we will not.
How does stopping people from selling photos deal with this? Logically you simply figure out priority and if that is insufficient you could use a lottery. Also you propose the problem but offer no evidence that it exists.
But what is the limited resource here? If one person takes a picture of an ULA launch that doesn't meaningfully prevent anyone else from taking a picture of the same launch. And if they sell that picture as a poster that doesn't meaningfully prevent anyone from posting or selling their pictures.

Of course you could argue that everyone selling their pictures as prints drives down the price. But that's just normal market dynamics. The only people harmed by that are ULA's merch department selling fewer of their own posters.

If ULA's revenue depended on the sale of prints I would kind of get the argument, but that's not how rocket launches have traditionally been financed.

> But what is the limited resource here?

The space where the cameras are setup.

> that doesn't meaningfully prevent anyone else from taking a picture

Only so many cameras can be setup in that space. I assume that once enough people are let in they have to start denying other people the ability to enter.

I think people are massively confused here. You can photograph and sell pictures of ULA launches all day if you like. What you can't do is apply for special access to an area of limited space and then sell the pictures taken from there.

This seems pretty simple to me. You simply have to choose what you want. Sell pictures or be in the special area.

> The space where the cameras are setup.

That's... pretty unlikely considering the size of the launch site versus the space a camera and a tripod take up.

https://www.theverge.com/2019/6/28/18744502/spacex-falcon-he... has pictures of a similar setup. Oodles of space.

> That's... pretty unlikely considering the size of the launch site versus the space a camera and a tripod take up.

I think photograph 2 of 9 in the bottom carousel makes the problem pretty clear. You have issues of road access, number of people, number of vehicles, cooperating between different groups photographing and probably competition over the "ideal" places to photograph from.

There's also other images in that carousel of people wandering around and even taking pictures from the middle of a roadway.

I think everyone is assuming that ULA can just open the gates and let random groups of people in and it will all be just fine and naturally work itself out. I think these people have never had the responsibility of managing a crowd of any size (particularly one including semi professional photographers) and it's why I specifically invoke the tragedy of the commons.

And these road issues apply to people selling photos, but not those just posting them to Instagram?
Here's the site:

https://aerospace.org/sites/default/files/styles/hero_small/...

It's hard for me to believe that anyone can't look at this and just see the obvious administrative issues involved.

It's hard for me to understand how the administrative issues could only apply to photographers who sell prints but not those who merely post to social.

If you need to limit numbers, issue press passes to orgs and give a certain number of remaining slots away via lottery.

> could only apply to photographers who sell prints but not those who merely post to social.

They tend to be more aggressive. Their familiarity with the site lends them to act like they own it or that their presence is more justified than a mere casual. They camp out and grab spots or pre-register in a way the precludes other more casual participants from ever getting a pass. They create administrative burden where none might otherwise exist.

> If you need to limit numbers

I think they want to limit the behavior. This is a favor they are doing for interested parties. It's a shame that some people tend to ruin it. Perhaps I'm being _exceptionally_ charitable to ULA here, but in my experience with similar situations, I genuinely think that's what is occurring here.

Which explains their reticence to speak on the issue and the for profit photographers clearly getting a puff piece written exclusively from their point of view.

So we’ve moved on from space issues to road issues to another hypothesis.

Is there any evidence for the behavior you now assert is happening?

What has changed? Are ULA launches suddenly much more popular that they need to consider space constraints?
> But what is the limited resource here?

I mean, it sounds like there's a special bus, to take these photographers to an area with limited access?

And given the talk of remote camera setups, presumably that's somewhere it's not safe for people to be during the launch? And so presumably they have to send a guard or two to make sure nobody wanders off, and if anyone gets lost it delays the launch?

I could understand if the bus was full, or if they had more people than the guards could handle.

(Of course, if that was the problem you'd think they'd have stated it clearly, and allocated the limited press access based on audience and reach. And I can't imagine anyone the size of a rocket company gives a shit about the profit margin on posters. So I don't know what's going on.)

>Photographers were welcome to set up remote shots at ULA launches if they worked for the media or wanted to post their work on social media. However, photographers could not sell this work independently, including as prints for fellow enthusiasts or for use in annual calendars.

I see no problem with this policy and frankly applaud it.

>said David Diebold, a photographer for Space Scout, on X. "Being forced to sign an agreement ..."

Nobody is forcing or being forced to sign anything.

People get so confused.

Person A wants good thing Y.

But B, the creator of Y, wants Z in return.

Does this mean B is forcing A to do anything?

Why do you applaud it?

If this were a change that wasn't a cash grab for ULA, would they not say so? Why the silence on the change?

Respectfully, you're being pedantic about the use of the word "forced". They changed the terms of an arrangement without warning or explanation.

>Why do you applaud it?

Making money off of other peoples' work for nothing has never rubbed well with me. Much less if "other peoples' work" is American tax dollars.

>If this were a change that wasn't a cash grab for ULA, would they not say so? Why the silence on the change?

Because they don't need to justify themselves. It's a proposal to which photographers so concerned can either sign off or walk away from, ULA is fine either way.

>They changed the terms of an arrangement without warning or explanation.

No, they did not. Whatever agreement they and the photographers had will be in force until whenever this new agreement succeeds. The photographers can choose to either sign it or walk away, they aren't being forced to sign anything.

I didn't downvote you since I'm part of the conversation. But of all the business practices and use of tax dollars to criticize, low-middle income photographers selling photos and doing marketing for the US space program is a really strange hill to fight on.
Why is this a positive? It cuts out professional (but independent) photographers and limits the pool to agency-employed photographers.

Current state: Agency photogs can take photos (and their employer can resell them). Professional, independent, photogs can take photos (and resell them).

New state: Agency photos can take photos (and their employer can resell them). Professional, but independent, photogs can take photos (BUT NOT RESELL THEM).

>Why is this a positive? It cuts out professional (but independent) photographers and limits the pool to agency-employed photographers.

ULA is a private, commercial entity, but most of what they do is paid for with American tax dollars. As such, as a taxpayer I prefer having photographers not make free money off of the taxes I paid because that's not what I agreed to pay taxes for.

Note that this new agreement doesn't prohibit independent photographers from selling for educational purposes ("work[ed] for the media") and otherwise most(any?) non-commercial purposes ("post their work on social media", et al.).

I am 300% okay with that as a taxpayer paying for the things being burned into film.

It also doesn't prevent "the press", as commercial entities, selling prints for profit, making free money off of the taxes you paid.
It is ostensibly for educational purposes. Such is the world of pedantry.
> As such, as a taxpayer I prefer having photographers not make free money off of the taxes I paid because that's not what I agreed to pay taxes for

I don't recall the US tax system ever asking individual taxpayers to agree to individual items of government spending. I've only ever seen it presented as "you owe this amount and are legally required to pay it".

(nitpick to the overall thread but interesting)

There is at least one exception: On form 1040, you have a yes/no option to redirect $3 to the presidential election campaign fund. This does not affect the amount of your taxes; it's a personal funding choice.

Commercial media is still allowed to make money off “your tax dollars”, so this argument doesn’t make any sense to me. Why can NYT profit from ULA operations but not an independent photographer.

Note that the agreement still allows media to sell prints and things. They aren’t just limited to “reporting” for public gain.

If the media also couldn't make money, that would be even better.

But reality is seldom ideal, so I will take what victories can be had.

ULA wants photographers to work for free getting pictures in the media. The way photographers were making this work was by selling photos after the fact. If ULA wants that to end (presumably so they can sell pictures themselves), then photographers should respond in kind: don't take pictures of ULA launches at all. Treat it like a union strike.
The media was already present at these launches and is still allowed. TFA even had a photo of a reuters photographer setting up.
A union strike requires a union. That’s why it works because everyone votes the same way. What we have now is prisoners dilemma; some photographers will take pictures of ULA launchers and others will not.
> ULA wants photographers to work for free getting pictures in the media.

That seems like a stretch. I'm sure ULA would have no problem getting pictures in the media without hobbyist photographers.

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Sucks, but this is pretty standard for any such event. For example you can't legally sell photos you take at a concert or sporting event or inside a company's offices. They might let you take photos for personal use and to share with friends, but that's about it.
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this may be true in cuba or something but it is not generally true in places like the usa, canada, or the eu, where you can generally do anything you like as long as there isn't a law against it
Yeah. About that...

Is there a law against taking photos at a concert or sports event and selling them?

I don't know either way. I'd normally be with kragen on this, but... I have become cynical enough that I wouldn't be surprised if the sports leagues had gotten laws passed about it.

Does anyone know?

No, no specific law, but in a private space they can set whatever conditions of entry they like, such as “no photos”.

There are laws around photography in public spaces, usually around being a pain in the ass and harassment or malice, but in a private space it’s up to the entity controlling the space.

harassment laws also apply in private spaces

probably if you violate those conditions of entry, what you're facing is a suit for damages for breach of contract. if you uploaded your photos to wikipedia that doesn't make the wikimedia foundation liable the way they would be if there was a copyright being violated or an invasion of privacy, so the breach of contract suit may not be very useful to the plaintiff

We're talking civil liability, not criminal.

They can make your access contingent on agreeing to their terms. Even if the venue is publicly owned. So buying a ticket to a concert at, say, Red Rocks, which is owned by the city of Denver, doesn't automatically entitle you to be able to record the performance.

So, what if you don't buy a ticket and, instead, setup a camera with a parabolic mic and telephoto lens from public space outside the venue? You still don't have the copyright for the music or this performance of it. So you can't go selling videos of concert.

Now, I suppose it could become criminal in some cases. For instance, if you're trespassing somewhere you don't have a right to be, or if it rises to the level of criminal copyright infringement.

Don't get me wrong, I think what ULA is doing here is dumb. But I think it's legal.

(IANAL)

It's not that simple. For concerts and sporting events, you likely agreed to certain terms and conditions when buying the ticket that prevent you from selling those photos. I don't know about inside a company's offices.

Another issue is capturing copyright or trademarked material. If you take a photograph of a Mickey Mouse statue, you may not have the legal right to sell that photograph.

ULA thought one of these photos was epic enough to buy it and install it two stories high in their lobby - https://www.johnkrausphotos.com/Galleries/Launches/Delta-IV-....

This is a very odd decision.

Maybe they thought it was odd to have to buy to take a picture of their own rocket?
I've had to buy pictures of me. My wedding, for example. It's pretty normal.
Just because you own (or are) the subject does not mean you have the copyright of the photographic work produced by the photographer.
It'd be ironic for that photographer to turn the tables and come after them for violating exhibition rights - just because you purchased a copy of a work does not mean you can just show it in a public location to whoever you want. Famously, movies...
> "I'm just shocked they don't want more coverage of these things and not less."

I'm having real trouble parsing this, can anyone break down the double-negative for me? Or does it simply not make sense?

Why would they want less coverage not more?
If you leave off the "and not less" it's more readable and you get the point
they should want: more coverage, and not less [coverage]

they will be getting (due to this measure): less coverage, and not more

so it sounds like they don't want more coverage (and not less coverage), which is shocking

ULA just wants to monetize it and take in the bigger piece of the cake. I wouldn’t be surprised if they introduced a membership to take pics due to “social media pressure” in the future. I’m just glad these people aren’t in charge of the space itself, or they would charge you fees to capture the totality eclipse!
if your rocket launching company that uses government bases and resources needs photography income enough to flirt with first amendment lawsuits you should probably stop investing in that company.
They might not need it, but want it. Any market captured is profit. And if not profit then at least more spending money.
Would it be possible to trademark the design of a rocket and then use that to prevent people from profiting from photos?
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That sounds akin to trademarking the design of a building, constructing that building in the middle of Manhattan, and then suing people who take photos of it.
ULA: write it down, write it down! :) /s
IIRC, images are fine as long as the the trademarked landmark is less than 50% of the frame. The Seattle Space Needle is trademarked, so profiting from a full photo of it would be infringement, but it can be in the background or skyline without issue.

My favorite example reciently is the Eifel tower. It's old enough that any trademark claim on the design has lapsed. To get around this, when they switched to LED lighting they trademarked the patterning of the lights. So daytime images are royalty free, but nighttime photos require licensing.

The headline here and on TFA is incorrect, ULA is cracking down on _professional_ photographers who are not directly employed by the media.

Hobbyist photographers who don't sell their pictures and just want to take cool shots of spaceships are not affected by this.

The way things are going (no ULA rockets being even partially reusable) it makes perfect sense! Gonna milk those few remaining launches until it become unthinkable to launch anything with them due to cost. ;-)
From quite deep in the article, an interesting note:

“It could be that the company's legal department got involved after there was a fatal heart attack during camera setup for the recent launch of Boeing's Starliner spacecraft on an Atlas V rocket.”