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Really cool idea

Humans get HTML, bots get markdown. Two tiny tweaks I’d make...

Send Vary: Accept so caches don’t mix Markdown and HTML.

Expose it with a Link: …; rel="alternate"; type="text/markdown" so it’s easy to discover.

I think there is a problem of incentive here. When we made our websites Search Engine Optimized, the incentive was for google to understand our content, and bring traffic our way. When you make your content optimized for LLM, it only improves their product, and you get nothing in return.
If you are selling advertising, then I agree. However, if you are selling a product to consumers then no. Ask an LLM "What is the best refrigerator on the market." You will get various answers like:

> The best refrigerator on the market varies based on individual needs, but top brands like LG and Samsung are highly recommended for their innovative features, reliability, and energy efficiency. For specific models, consider LG's Smart Standard-Depth MAX™ French Door Refrigerator or Samsung's smart refrigerators with internal cameras.

Optimizing your site for LLM means that you can direct their gestalt thinking towards your brand.

You get to live in a world where other people are slightly more productive.
OpenAI cookbook says LLMs understand XML better than Markdown text, so maybe that also? Although, it should be more specified and structured, but not HTML.
The concept is called content negotiation. We used to do this when we wanted to serve our content as XHTML to clients preferring that over HTML. It's nice to see it return as I always thought it was quite cool.
I don’t understand why the agents requesting HTML can’t extract text from HTML themselves. You don’t have to feed the entire HTML document to your LLM. If that’s wasteful, why not have a little bit of glue that does some conversion?
Or one can just use semantic HTML; it's easy enough to convert semantic HTML into markdown with a tool like pandoc. That would also help screen readers, browser "reader modes", text-based web browsers, etc.