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I don't follow how the label placement in the graphic could cause a connection issue, unless it slipped down further to interfere with the pin?
They say thermal imaging could have identified the issue, does that mean that it was actually a low voltage power line, not a signal line? Do they have cameras that can see the heat from sub-mA connections?

I wonder what kind of diagnostics and logging they have for their power distribution?

If it happened, it wasn't preventable. If you say it was preventable, you mean that in theory, it could have been prevented by people who don't exist (front-line and management, with consciences), working processes that don't exist, using resources that don't exist, within cultures that don't exist.
The actual discovery of the wiring problem is pretty interesting. It starts on page 17 of the Engineering Factual Report[1], which is one of many released[2].

The wire in question was carrying unknown current (likely 20-50 mA), but 110 volts DC signaling.

Comparing the photos on page 22 (Dali) and 25 (Cezanne), you can clearly see the blue ferrules in the correctly wired panel on the Cezanne.

[1] https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=19228257&Fi...

[2] https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/?NTSBNumber=DCA24MM031