Ask HN: What should i answer to a question about salary?

34 points by xkarga00 ↗ HN
I am a fresh graduate trying to find a junior developer job. I often get asked in interviews how much i think i should be paid.

How can i know that? What is the best answer i can give so that i won't overestimate and underestimate myself at the same time?

63 comments

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My first job (when I was 16) was as a software developer for a start-up in London. I was asked, panicked and said £25k. He seemed totally okay with it.

I guess it depends on the company/person employing you, along with how persuasive you can be :).

> I was asked, panicked and said £25k. He seemed totally okay with it.

That's exactly what they hope will happen: You panic, feel pressured to answer, and give some number that is far below what they were willing to spend. Of course they'd be totally okay with it, if it's below market rate.

Just FYI, for a 16 year old (that is, just left school at the minimum age, and therefore with little to no serious experience) paying a salary of £25k is preposterously high, even in London. That is more than the median income in the country. GP guessed well under pressure! (unless of course they were a prodigy...)
as a hiring manager, I never want to pay someone too little. training an engineer and getting them productive takes months, and having someone I hire cut out on a job after 3 months because they got a better offer is a huge waste of time and money. Plus, re-opening the req and re-starting the recruiting process can take weeks. It's totally not worth it to lowball someone.

If I ever ask a candidate what they're looking to make, it's to make sure I can out-bid other offers.

That's actually great, and I wish more hiring managers felt this way. That's not always the case, and based on my own experience I wouldn't tell a recent grad to assume the hiring manager has their best interest in mind.
This is pretty much the definitive answer as far as I'm concerned:

http://www.kalzumeus.com/2012/01/23/salary-negotiation/

I was actually expecting the author of that article to be the top comment in this thread before checking comments. Glad to see the link.
Came here to post this link. Definitely read this article and take it to heart.
The one bad thing about this strategy is that you can't actually go significantly above the offered salary...

I tried it on myself and I was offered way low then I expected - eventually, I was able to increase the offer by 5K, but that's it... I refused the offer. Of course there are other reasons - at least as they explained they had a limited budget (it was a startup...), and the latest negotiated value was 20% more than other people with similar responsibilities...

BUT, this was the startup... I guess with BigCo-s it is better to say your "BIG" number first.

70k words? Mind blown! Better leave it for the weekend.
Since you're fresh out of school, and don't have a work experience to create value...

Calculate your cost of living and use that to determine what you need to not only survive, but thrive enough that you're able to be productive at work. A good boss does not want an employee who is stressed because they cannot make ends meet at home.

You can probably find some good personal income/financial tools online to help you determine what your salary should be given your costs.

While it's common, the tactic of asking an employee what they think they "deserve" is a rather aggressive (IMHO) negotiating technique. Keep that in mind when dealing with management/ownership in the future.

You have to give your location, otherwise any number you're given is meaningless.. Making 60k/yr as a junior developer in NYC is not the same as 60k/yr in Montreal or Louisiana.
Off topic but was your Louisiana mention random or are there lots/quite some developer jobs?
Entirely random. I know almost nothing about Louisiana, I've certainly never been there.
Exactly. Dollars in New York and California are worth less than in the Midwest or South. 60k/year in Pittsburgh buys many nice things, but the same in San Francisco means you're almost homeless.
Go off the cost of living: decent enough apartment, cost of food, clothing, leisure items, cell phone/Internet service, one vacation for the year, any books/study materials/courses you'd want to pay for yourself. Sum all that up, add 15% on top to give yourself room in case you're forced to negotiate, and throw that number over the fence.

If they try to push you down lower, this isn't the place for you: your cost of living is what it is, and forcing you to work for less than that is simply unfair. Keep looking for a better place.

I really wouldn't suggest this. For some -- especially a recent grad -- the cost of living may be very low. So by following this formula you're very likely to undervalue yourself.

Not to mention that your first salary impacts all your future salaries (it acts as a baseline), when your cost of living is likely to be much higher.

This seems to completely ignore what you'd be doing for this company.

This kind of living costs calculation (or something like it) is useful if you're starting your own company -- and want to figure out what profit you'll need to be making before you decide "this is worth the effort".

But if you're being hired to do a job, this isn't a good approach.

Your cost of living is the minimum that you can accept. How much the company will earn from the products of your labor is the maximum that they can pay you.

For high-value workers, there is a large gap between those two. Negotiating is about dividing the surplus.

Your strategy suggests "give almost all of the surplus away."

I don't like this idea, but if anyone is compelled to use this formula please include savings as well. I'd shoot for being able to save 20% of your salary.
This depends, I would recommend checking out Glassdoor for the position you are applying.

Review the average salary, multiply that salary by 1.2 (increasing that salary by 20%), and that is what you should tell your employer.

Why 20% you ask? Well, Glassdoor has data from several years prior, meaning the average will be lower than the current average. For example, I was offered 40% more than the Glassdoor average for the same position.

In negotiation, always, always ask the other party to name a figure first. Then you add 15% to that figure as your counter-offer for a salary.
In practice, getting the other party to name their number first is very difficult to achieve for a junior developer talking to an experienced HR/recruiter, so this isn't great advice.
But doing the opposite wouldn't be great advice, either. The better advice would be how to play the "you say it first" game.
Actually this is one of the only times the candidate could credibly say, "Gee, I don't know, I've never had a full-time job and am still calibrating my expectations, maybe you can help me here?" After the first job, subsequent employers will usually try to calibrate themselves to your previous one.
You should know what is fair, and you can get some good feedback likely if you provide your geographic area.

In general, when negotiating salary make an employer put a price tag on you first, then if it is fair, you can go for it or negotiate a little more, ask for extra time off etc. If it is a low offer, they may be testing you to see if you know the market, don't be afraid to come back at a fair market value for new grad in your area.

And don't accept an offer below market with some unwritten promise to increase your pay if you do XYZ. That isn't fair to you and the employer is trying to take advantage of you. If you get a fair offer and you ask for say $2k more, and they say well if you execute over the first 90 days with X Y Z and those are tangible real goals, not subjective, then that is reasonable. Just make sure it is in writing in the offer letter.

I would answer with "I expect my salary to fall in line with the current market rate" for wherever you live. I would put more of the impetus on them, because giving a number to them rarely works in your favor. I would also try to delay money talk until you are certain you want to work there and they want you to work there. As has been suggested if you want to get an idea of the current market rate glassdoor and other sites will help but may be sparse for your market.
The best answer is to try and group your interviews and offers so you have a competitive situation. Talking to several recruiters at once can help with this.

You can almost always say you have an interview scheduled on (some day about 4 days away) that you've committed to, and attend whatever interviews you can. In a competitive situation, you should get market price. If a company wants you on Monday, regardless of what they say about the offer expiring, they will usually still want you on Friday, at least in this market. Also, when you start scheduling interviews, try and make them a few days out, so you can schedule more before then.

The HR lady asked me what is my minimum salary threshold, below which i wouldn't be willing to go. How does one respond to that? Note that the HR interview was my first contact with the company: the tech interviews had not even begun yet.
> The HR lady asked me what is my minimum salary threshold, below which i wouldn't be willing to go. How does one respond to that?

"My salary requirements depend on the details of the position and non-salary benefits offered."

This is what happened:

Me: "That will depend on the other things in the compensation package, such as the paid time off."

HR: "Everyone gets 20 days. We have gym, swimming pool, and medical insurance. We don't offer stock and don't give bonuses: it is a monthly cash based salary structure. Now tell me, what's your minimum?"

I ended up spitting out a number. How should i have responded ideally?

Personally, I would have responded with something along the lines of "I'll let you know once I meet the team - I'm not comfortable answering that question yet"
HR: "I am required to get a number before proceeding. What is your salary expectation?"

I got that once. There's not much you can do about a situation like that unless you're willing to bypass HR and cold-mail tech managers about your application.

"Given the uncertainty because I've not yet met the team and learned more about what it's like to work here, I'll say $x", where $x is at least twice what I'd expect them to pay (and what I'd expect them to pay is at least 30%-50% over anything the recruiter might have indicated.

If they balk at that, you just point out that you had to give a high number because you lack information - you'll be willing to negotiate once you know more. After all, do they want to hire someone who will cost the company money by underestimating risk and costs based on incomplete information?

HR: "That is higher than our range and we would not be interested in proceeding."

It's a junior dev. Most companies don't expect them to estimate anything. As far as most recruiters are concerned junior devs are perfectly replaceable and if they can't get a number or get a number $20k over everyone else, they have plenty more to choose from.

The best thing you can do is not to play the game with mediocre companies with mediocre recruiters, if you're good enough to pull that off.

First remind them it's a preliminary range. Then escalate by informing the hiring manager what happened. HR's role is to support the company mission. HR throwing a spanner in the works just because you gave some estimate is weird at best.

If you really end up with HR from hell, either they'll drag the company down with them or they'll be separated soon -- good riddance.

HR: "I am required to get a number before proceeding. What is your salary expectation?" Possible reply: "Pricing in uncertainty I'd have to go with {just_slightly_ridiculous_number}"

Unfortunately probably not a great idea if you want the job and you're dealing with HR Drone and there is a possibility that the HR software might ding you for being overpriced.

Me: "Write down $0 and I'll talk to you after I've met the team"

I'm not a junior dev, but if this happened to me I'd probably walk before even getting to that (with a short message to the interviewer telling them why).

Right -- while the non-salary benefits are part of the package, so are the working conditions, team, and details of the work, opportunities for advancement, etc. Interview processes are two-sided, and whether and at what salary you are willing to take a job depends on information you aren't going to have when you talk to the HR person at first (and which they aren't going to be able to provide you useful information on, either.)
That's a trap. Any number you answer will become your maximum atainable value.
$12.3 billion. What are you willing to pay?

It is a negotiation tactic. They know perfectly well what they are paying their other developers, what the market rate for that position is, and what they are willing to pay you. The only purpose of this question is to trap you into a low number, don't fall for it.

While it's good to understand the market prices for your skills, negotiation is a lot about understanding the other party's goals and needs and best-guessing their maximum price. They will have a maximum price in their head. So, determine that maximum price.

Assume that since you've gotten to the negotiation phase, you've exceeded their expectations.

Ask, 'how many people are you hiring?' If it's more than one, at the same position, then they may have more demand. It also may imply that their budget for hiring is above average.

Ask, 'how difficult has your interviewing been?' If it's been difficult, and you've reached this stage, then your in a better position for negotiation.

Ask, 'what have been your main criteria in hiring?' If it points to a rare skill that you have or some background experience or knowledge that is unique, then you're in a better position.

Ask, 'are there any other candidates that you're interviewing, and how do I measure up?' If there are no other candidates, and/or you're the best candidate that they have, then you're in a better position.

Ask, 'do you have upcoming milestones or deadlines?' If so, then may have higher immediate demand.

Ask, 'what are your goals in hiring me?' If they want to put you to work immediately, then you're in a better position. If they are primarily interested in grooming you, they may have more patience to hire.

Ask, 'who approves the hiring, and are you able to hire me today?' If someone else approves, it may be a harder negotiation. If they can hire you immediately, then you're in a better position.

Finally, don't set your price, first. If they ask, 'what is your price?', ask them 'what is your typical range for this type of position?' Get them to offer their price first because it's always on the lower end of what their range is. Then, consider your position. Ask for something that is slightly outrageous. For example, let's say you determine that you're in a good position. They offer you 80,000. Say that you were thinking more in the 120,000 range. Read their reaction to that. If they seem offended, say 'but, that can be negotiable, based on your benefits, etc.' Then, talk to them about the other benefits of the position, and come down slightly. But, once your initial price is set, that will be the baseline for further discussions.

Always come to the table with as much information as possible.

Always ask for add-ons. Ask for more non-financial benefits. Ask for more vacation. Ask for a more flexible schedule. If it's a big company, you're not in a good position to ask for extras, however.

Tell them that you'll give them an answer very soon, and set a specific date. It will show that you're serious. If you plan wisely, you can have multiple offers from different companies at similar time. Use these other offers to both gauge the demand and to play each offer against other offers.

And, remember, it's always supply and demand.

This is a great answer. Thanks you for taking the time to write this up. Some great advice here.

Someone once said to me that sales is about desire and the price. If a customer desires something then the only reason they won't buy is price. In this case you're the goods and the salesman.

> They offer you 80,000. Say that you were thinking more in the 120,000 range.

Do people really counter with salaries that are 50% higher than the initial offer? Maybe it is just the nature of the employers I have dealt with in the past, but I have always felt anything in excess of the 5% - 10% range just meant that you and the company were too far off in expectations for a deal to work. In fact, a few months ago I rejected a seriously lowball offer where the difference was similar to the numbers you posted; I didn't even bother to counter. Is it really common to get companies to move by double-digit percentages on initial offers?

Edit: I should point out that people at this company had already told me how hard it was to find qualified people. There were plenty of other indications that they could not afford to be throwing away candidates.

I used to be involved in the hiring decisions of big corporate consulting co. (software + other stuff) and they would consistently negotiate salaries that were 50% above the initial offer. Their strategy was to low ball, and work up from there. I'm not sure how many companies employ this strategy, but I report that it definitely does happen. Another point is that as you move away from fresh grad opportunities and more experienced, it's less obvious what "market rate" really is.
Interesting. I will keep that in mind the next time the issue comes up.

The particular case I mentioned was complicated because: a) the initial offer was knowingly less than I currently made; b) I previously worked for the parent company of the company making the offer and the offer was the same salary grade and almost the same salary I had when I left 2.5 years before. I'm not sure I would have tried to negotiate even if I thought I could get them up 30% - 40%.

Ah. From being on the other end of hiring decisions, my general advice would be to aim high on initial conversations and gauge reactions + adjust downwards from there. You can always adjust down, hard to adjust up!
Yeah, unfortunately they never asked me what I wanted or expected.
In larger corps, at least, they will have salary ranges for each staffing level. It's common for these ranges to be very wide. For example, I've commonly seen the upper end of a lower staffing level be the same or higher than the lower end of a higher staffing level. It's not unheard of that a junior employee will make more than a senior employee. That's why corporations like to keep salary information obscured.

Plus, unless you want the job very badly, it (usually) doesn't hurt to ask.

I've countered with more than 50%, and ended up at 50% over the initial offer, though in general I agree with you. 50% up on advertised range or on what the recruiter indicates their range is, on the other hand is far easier. The top end of their stated range is lower than what they're prepared to stretch to.

When I joined Yahoo a decade ago, for example, I ended up accepting an offer 40% over the top of the advertised range, after demanding more. When they gave me the 40% offer, they apologised that they really couldn't go higher (it'd push me too far up over some other people in the department) and offered me more options instead, and guaranteed me a review after 6 months instead of 12 to bump me up further (which they did).

I've never taken a job at only 5%-10% above initial offer, and don't think I ever will - I know from my own hiring that we're always prepared to stretch more than that if we've first decided on a candidate.

Good to know. It was only the third offer I have received in my career (12 years), and the only one I have rejected, so I don't really have much experience with trying to negotiate.
I previously applied for a position knowing they were looking to hire someone around $65k-ish (it wasn't listed on the job page but there were other indications that's the range they were looking to pay for the position.

After several rounds of interviews, they actually came back with an offer for much higher (they did ask me how much I am expecting to get paid before making the offer). I countered back and definitely got a salary offer that was certainly way more than 50% of the original intended offer and about 30% more than the actual offer they actually ended up making in their initial pitch.

Really depends on location, 100k/yr in the midwest would be insanely high for a junior developer but in SF it wouldn't be unreasonable.
Unlike what some suggest here: do NOT use public sources as reference points for salary negotiations. Virtual all of them come up with average salaries that are way, way lower than what most good developers could earn.

I strongly suspect these sites are being gamed. Either that, or the numbers are based on surveys that are mostly filled in by people that are worried about being underpaid (guess what, that means they probably are).

Totally agree with this, although it never occurred to me to suspect the sites are gamed. Rather, people making what they deserve don't futz around on salary sites.

In my (totally anecdotal) experience Glassdoor undervalues by >=20% even at the same company.

I'm not sure how accurate it is for recent graduates but I would definitely give a try with salaryfairy.com. It is a platform that people try to guess salaries of other people anonymously basing on their resume. when you have enough number of guesses you will see how much you would worth in the market.
Salary fairy seems like a very interesting concept!

However, after going through and guessing salaries, the "crowd predictions" are absurdly low for my location and industry.

I saw a few profiles of people at my employer in related fields, so I have a fairly good idea of what their salary range could conceivably be. The crowd predictions were off by a factor of ~2-3x (on the low side). I just saw a profile of a reservoir engineer with an M.S. and ~5years of experience at a major oil company. The crowd guess was 68k. $168k would be reasonable (maybe a bit high). $68k is completely absurd.

find out your salary range where you live, ask 20% more but tell them that your are willing to negotiate or accept less if it's the "right" job. If they really want you, you get to keep that extra 20% , if you are just ok then you get a market rate which is a good thing too. If they are not willing to pay the market rate then maybe is a good thing to not work with them.
Research salaries in your local market via Indeed.com or Salary.com. As a benchmark, median entry-level developers in Boston are getting $63,500> http://swz.salary.com/SalaryWizard/Software-Developer-I-Sala...

Answer: I'm happy to evaluate the entire compensation offer package if we get to that stage. I understand junior developers are getting in the range of low $60s-to-high $70s. *Then flip the question: Can you share with me what your compensation band is for this role?

Salary information is part of the negotiation for the job. Learn to negotiate and how to answer the question without answering the question.

Read "Ask The Headhunter's" articles/columns on salary negotiation for some background information.

If you say too large of number, you won't be hired. If you say too low of number, then you either leave $$$ on the table or they wonder why your number is low.

I've asked "are you offering me the job?" If they say no, then I ask if we can continue to see if I fit. This did not always work well.

Someone on HN posted the link to the Noel Smith-Wenkle method which is a better method and it works well, I've used it more than once effectively.

http://infohost.nmt.edu/~shipman/org/noel.html

There are a few ways to try and discover what your market rate is.

The first method is a set of websites or statistics that you can find pretty easily. You'll hear Glassdoor and Salary.com as a couple examples. Some schools might have data on their past graduates. I know that Carnegie Mellon [1] publishes their data, which includes the employer a graduate joined, the location, and some compensation data.

Unfortunately, much of what you'll find is anonymously self-reported, and when people self-report salary information they are probably more likely to exaggerate up than exaggerate down.

A second method of getting numbers on market rate is from talking to people. For you, that may be other graduates who have already landed jobs or people that graduated last year who may be willing to share what they were paid. Recruiters who work local markets are also a good resource for this information, as they actually see the job offers and are likely to have more accurate figures than the self-reported data seen on salary websites.

As for overestimating or underestimating, most people here are going to tell you to never give a number first. Negotiation is described as having a winner and a loser, and if you don't get the maximum amount someone was willing to spend than you lost. There isn't a clear way to determine how much someone would have spent, so approaching negotiation in this win/lose manner isn't all that useful.

Someone who knows the market rate for their experience and skills is in a much better position, and someone with a long track record of successful employment that knows their market rate is completely set and more able to use tactics in negotiating that are being offered to you here in this thread. Unfortunately, you (as an entry-level candidate) won't typically have that same amount of leverage or power in negotiations, as entry-level candidates are generally considered more homogenous.

In other words, if a company finds an entry-level candidate being somewhat 'difficult' (for lack of a better word), they may take the attitude that there may be 10 other entry-level candidates who won't be. I'm not saying you shouldn't negotiate - in many cases you should, and in some cases you shouldn't (most obvious being when a company offers you what you requested or even more than you requested).

Last bit of advice - if and when you give your number, don't follow it with anything. Entry-level candidates have a tendency to state a number, and if there is even a few seconds of delay by the other party they add "but that is negotiable". Don't do that. There is an article on that a few weeks ago [2] that explains a bit more.

1 - http://www.cmu.edu/career/salaries-and-destinations/2014-sur...

2 - http://jobtipsforgeeks.com/2014/08/08/negotiable/

Check out what the standard for your profile using Job sites in your country that show salaries, or ask around in IRC.

Also make some calculations, and start with housing. Calculate your salary to be no less than 30% of this expense since it's the one more critical and gives a good all around base which depends on your location. If you don't pay for housing now, you'll in the future, so better take that into account and save it in a bank.

Then give a range, say "I'm in the X and Y range, but I would feel much more comfortable making Z" where X<Z<Y, X is your lower limit and Y is the top of the line for what you've seen online.

Finally, don't go into an interview talking about salaries unless the potential employer starts talking about it. They might find it rude on your part.

BTW, if you're starting to look for jobs, this tool might help you (https://github.com/Eldelshell/JobHunter) <plug shameless="true"/>