Google Maps now requires WiFi scanning to use navigation

745 points by bbarnett ↗ HN
I've been using Google Maps a long time, and during all of that time I have only used GPS for location tracking on Android.

Depending upon the version of Android, I've had different things disabled. Wifi scanning. Bluetooth. Cell location data. Etc. Always with one single goal -- GPS only for location.

And further, this is always, especially with newer versions of Android, restricted in many ways. For example, only allowing when an app is active, and so on.

Google has always played games with Maps, using dark patterns. For example, with the versions prior to the current version, if I wanted Maps to zoom in on my location, I'd hit the tracking button.

It'd first say something like "To continue, turn on device location". Of course, device location is on, but it's only for GPS, and google so badly wants that (apparently) vital, and sweet wifi + bluetooth + cell tracking data.

Yet you could cancel this before, and it would then zoom in on your present location. Because, of course, GPS works fine for that.

I could also use only GPS, leaving wifi and bluetooth and so on scanning off to use navigation. I've driven all over North America and Europe that way too, and yes with Maps. Tricky dark patterns (ie, lying) about needing wifi scanning to find a route is just insulting, and absurd.

Now, enter a new update. I can no longer navigate with Google Maps, unless full location tracking is on. Comments in Play Store indicate others hit the same wall. Yeah, right Google, driving in the middle of the country, with GPS, is helped by scanning wifi while I pass farmer's fields?!

Google has now drawn a line in the sand. Give us all your local SSIDs, local bluetooth connections, with likely even more detail, or they now refuse to allow you to use Maps to navigate.

I immediately installed Organic Maps, and I'm sure there are loads of others as an option.

Google wants that wifi data so bad, that the only thing I can equate it to, is a used car salesperson. I get the impression that the Maps team is channeling Sméagol, and just shudder.

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How much of your information does Google want? MORE!

This is a big reason why I carry a Graphene OS phone... and searched eBay for a Garmin GPS -- that cannot phone home! -- for my car.

I actually picked up a mint Garmin from a thrift store for $10 for this reason. I always thought it was just me, I would turn GPS on and open maps on my LG v20, but would still get prompted about location accuracy every time. I upgraded to a Moto One 5g and the verbiage is different enough that I was confused into approving because it seemed to imply maps just wanted to turn GPS on (even though I already turned GPS on), upon later checking, Google Location Accuracy was enabled.
All information, and people are giving it to them for free. There is billions in dollar of profit from selling peoples data and the user gets nothing of that.
To be fair, the user is getting a pretty amazing map/gps program.

It it worth it? Are they completely upfront about the data they’re harvesting?

You can opt out. Stand alone gps is still available. Open Street maps is an amazing open source program too.

My car has a 2010 gps. It works. It’s not great but it’s gets you close. In some ways I miss my old Tom Tom. It had the mr. T voice yelling at me where to go.

I just bought the Tom Tom app and paid for the maps I need. One of their big deals is privacy protection as no data is collected
Forgot about the stand alone gps apps. And most phones have plenty of storage for those.

I would love an app that would feed the data back into open street map.

Just to remind you, the user get the whole functionality of the app. That's the trade-off.
> That's the trade-off.

Only if the user is aware of that.

Users aren't aware they are using Google Maps?
No, most users are not aware of how much data they give up about themselves in order to get the whole functionality of the app.
For me at least, Google sends me monthly (quarterly?) updates on my location history and prompts me to review it. I assume people get this by default, and so anyone checking their google account email would see these emails and open them to see literally every single destination of theirs is permanently saved. They don't exactly hide it.

Not defending Google, they suck. But in this one instance I don't think it's that much of a dirty secret or anything. Just an open dirty behavior.

I've never gotten an email like that so its probably not a default setting.
Anecdotally, I don't get those emails myself, but I do see the point you're making. My follow up question would be, what other data are they gathering from you at the same time that they're not prompting you to review?
I still remember filling out my Facebook profile back when it was very new (after it was open to everyone but before it even had the timeline) and I'm just flabbergasted at how much information I was willing to fork over as a naïve child presented with a grid of form fields to fill out. crazy to see how it's only got more ridiculous over time. now Snapchat (which I'm about to convince my fiancée to uninstall so neither of us uses it anymore) is giving me notifications telling me about friends and family that I should add as friends, despite me never giving the app access to my contacts! I wish I could go back in time and convince my younger self about how bad things were going to get and why I should minimize my online footprint as much as possible. well, cat's out of the bag now...
I remember being a teen when Google Health rolled out (checking online now they gave up on it in 2012, no surprise) and writing down the entirety of my medical history in it.
What are some reliable alternatives for both iOS and Android? I'm unsure how are Apple Maps, but they were hideous a while back for Eastern Europe at least.
Organic maps seems good, and I did take it for a test navigation drive. Not sure how it is long-term though.
I've used Apple Maps for a while now and haven't noticed any real difference in from when I used to use Google Maps. So for me: Google Maps and Apple Maps are utterly interchangeable.
Same here - Apple Maps in New Zealand works just fine.
When that's the case Apple Maps would be a better choice as it doesn't try to suck all your privacy into its ad ecosystem.
My issue is it lacks a lot of local businesses. No point in using it if I have to go to google to find the business address anyhow.
Yup that's also the issue for me. If I know where I'm going (just not how) it's not a problem. If I'm not sure where I'm going (like trying to find a place for the first time) it can be a problem.
This is the one difference I see too - if it’s a place I know I’ll just go and add them to the map.
I use here, they are pretty great
I've been using Maps.me, it has great mapping material (OSM) and the navigation is decent. Been using it in the Caribbeans, GMaps and AMaps barely have street names there.
Organic Maps is the open source fork of Maps.me. It's very similar, but better maintained, and has less shady stuff
I like Organic Maps, just hoping for Android auto support.
Are there ANY alternatives to the live traffic data that Google Maps or Waze collect and provide? I know how to get around but I want to make sure that I don't get stuck on the highway. I have been looking for an alternative for many years.
I don't know. I think if something like Organic Maps got a critical mass of people using it and then integrated with Matrix so it could anonymously collect live traffic data and send it out, it would be amazing.
There are still places in the world where Apple Maps isn't great, but for 90% of people they're now as good for navigation, if not better (since they've built a data gathering operation).

Last year I used Apple Maps for a 34,000 mile road trip. No significant issues.

I've switched to Apple Maps and it's been an improvement. Much better UI on CarPlay (subjective, but I find it to be easier to quickly read/decipher while driving). Still missing the "Yelp" part of Google Maps, there's not as much of a community there.
Woah. That’s quite the road trip! What was it?
Two trips around the US in a camper van; 41 states and about a year. It was amazing.
I switched to Apple Maps a couple years ago and was also pleasantly surprised how much it has improved.

In the browser, you can effectively get Apple Maps through DuckDuckGo, as their map service is built on it. There is no meaningful way to get Apple Maps navigation on Android though, and I predict it will stay that way unless Apple decides to turn it into a paid service or changes their stance on selling user data.

The big pain point imo is that apple maps doesn't crawl for local business information as well as google. Many local businesses in LA do not show up on apple maps but have a presence on google maps. I wonder why apple maps engineers don't just crawl google maps and steal this data from them, I'm sure google would do the same.
Most map providers include some fake roads to fingerprint their map and Google probably does something similar for the businesses on Gmaps, so if they scraped the data it would be easy to prove they did it
I think this is mostly that businesses don’t realize there are hundreds of millions of people using Apple Maps. It’s improving; it’s a tiny amount of work for them to get more customers, and they’re learning.

I use the “report an issue” link periodically to fix things.

For integrity, I wish Apple Maps available on web.
HERE WeGo[0] works remarkably well here in the north of Africa, much better than google maps or TomTom.

[0] https://wego.here.com/

Watch out, Here Maps has the Facebook SDK malware embedded in it that will call home to Zuck on every app launch (at least) and send a device fingerprint and persistent identifier.
Very unfortunate, since HERE maps allows offline maps.

We need a public registry of apps that embed tracking SDKs.

And iOS needs an outbound firewall, now that it is shipping an App Privacy Report.

> And iOS needs an outbound firewall

This can already easily be added through third-party apps. Would a system-wide firewall be a worthwhile improvement? I suppose it would help to have it enabled by default for users who wouldn’t install a tracker firewall app afterwards.

Is there an iOS 3rd-party app which can provide on-device outbound firewalling across all apps?
Yes, AdGuard seems to do so and IIRC also has customizable block lists. The default includes Safari-only blocking but it is able to add a device-wide filter using Apple's API for VPNs. It seems to identify the various trackers used by the social media apps on my device, for instance.

App store link: https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1047223162

GitHub link: https://github.com/AdguardTeam/AdguardForiOS

System-wide blocking: https://adguard.com/en/blog/how-to-configure-system-wide-blo...

Looks like system-wide blocking is via DNS, which would leak DNS requests to AdGuard's DNS server? The same could be accomplished with a local PiHole device.
Thanks for the pointer! Unfortunately FB is free on the major mobile operators and thus basically mandatory for communication, so my phone calls "home to Zuck" regularly anyways :/
Does not work on Android Auto, sadly.

And they did a rewrite a short while back and it's not as good. I used to love it, but not so much anymore.

Am hoping for Android Auto support to come to Organic Maps.

It's funny that their representation of Japan is just an empty island with a few highways on it. Does it work better if you're there?
OsmAnd: https://osmand.net/ - open source, offline maps. Really great for outdoor sports, and has profiles for running, biking, skiing, etc, way better than Google Maps for that. Driving routes often give the same route as Google Maps for me. Some things are better on Google Maps though, such as live traffic and address lookup, so it depends what you want to use it for.
And supports off-line navigation IIRC.
It does and though it uses a lot of storage, that's a great feature to have.
I use Apple Maps in Northern New England (Maine, NH, Vermont, Eastern Canada) and it's actually a little better than Google here in my experience. Apple Maps also fully supports no tracking and a better offline mode IMO. If you are on iOS and in a location that Apple supports I'd highly recommend it.
Mapbox, HERE Maps, TomTom, MapQuest etc.
Apple Maps was terrible and Google was ok.

Fast forward a few years and Apple Maps is now ok (not super but definitely usable) and Google Maps tried to kill me a few times by guiding me to go opposite direction into a highway or into buildings or other wrong directions. The data is super inaccurate on Google Maps.

In Apple Maps it at least shows no road instead of generating roads with completely wrong data.

(I live in Turkey, YMMV)

I have always detested Google and am a longtime Apple user. I use Maps exclusively and like it perfectly well. Occasionally there is an update that makes it a bit dumber but, that always goes away.

It's very difficult imagine the marginal benefit of a different app that would overcome their strong brand commitment to privacy for me.

Maybe someone should build a portable (FCC compliant?) device to put in your car that spoofs and rotates a bunch of 2.4/5Ghz SSIDs periodically to "trick" apps that mine wifi data with GPS location. Bonus points for bogus names like "Starbucks Wifi" or "McDonalds Free Wifi" in the middle of the highway.

Even easier, just reverse engineer the API and send the SSIDs yourself.

> Bonus points for bogus names like "Starbucks Wifi" or "McDonalds Free Wifi" in the middle of the highway.

I find no joy in saying it, but I bet that would get you some unwelcome attention - trademark infringement, defamation, tortious interference - from one of those companies. :(

Out of curiosity, has anyone ever been sued over their SSID?
Good question. I'd be surprised if those companies would go after an individual over an "infringing" SSID, but if you sold a product using them that would be a different matter. An open-source project would probably fall somewhere in between.
We had one on our street called FuckOffAndGetYourOwn which I always liked
I've always been partial to ones named like "NSA Monitor 3AB9D4"
I have my phone's hot-spot named Surveillance van no. 42, and an open guest wifi for whoever needs it called It's nice to be nice
>We had one on our street called FuckOffAndGetYourOwn which I always liked

There was an SSID in my building called "Free Palestine." A couple years later, someone created another one called "The Shin Bet."[0]

I found that to be both disturbing and amusing. After the Muslim grad students on the third floor moved back to Australia, "Free Palestine" disappeared, and when the orthodox Jews moved out of the fourth floor, "The Shin Bet" went away too.

Now it's mostly boring, and while I may be doxxing myself (if you can see this SSID, reply here as we almost certainly live in the same building) but I still have the SSID GranMal (an ironic reference to this[1]).

Moral: Looking at SSIDs can be fun!

[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Bet

[1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015645/

I don't understand your ironic reference :( What does "GranMal" have to do with that paper about wifi's effect on epileptic rats?
A grand mal seizure is a particularly serious type of seizure.
Nobody ever did answer my question, but your comment makes me glad I asked. :)

Thanks!

I have a neighbor whose SSID is itHurtsWhenIP. I've always liked that.
>I have a neighbor whose SSID is itHurtsWhenIP. I've always liked that.

While it may not be the source of your neighbor's SSID, It's certainly possible (maybe even likely) that it's a reference to this song[0].

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vmPwZT-9zY

Yes.

https://reason.com/volokh/2018/04/29/libel-by-wifi-network-n...

Sure, it was defamation rather than copyright, but it certainly puts the lie to a certain other commenter who seems to think that if he personally can't find it on Google then it must not exist.

Well that was an entertaining read. It appears the answer thus far is “yes, at least once.”

Thanks!

Is there a law regarding which names you can't use for hotspots/APs?

Even if there is, I doubt anyone will go after that unless the "attacker" involves some serious crime with that combined.

Attacking innocent people with rogue SSIDs would be definitely wrong, but if done only to trick Google it would be a fun experiment - and they deserve it (maybe not for this particular change but as a company in general).

It doesn't have to be a case they can win to be extremely troublesome for you (though they probably could win if their trademark is embedded in your code). Unless you can afford to make your own lawyers rich, it's a bit unwise to go "I dare you" to large US companies. Better to ship something less incriminating, and leave the spicier suggestions for anonymous comments on web forums.
Just another idea popped. What if your code doesn't include any bitstream that contains "Starbucks" but has some ML driven mechanism of passively listening to Wifis around the city, noting them and using those names dynamically? Since Starbucks McDonalds etc would (probably) be the highest quantity of signals found your code will be mimicking those names without having a single bit in the code.

What would be the legality of that (as long as the intention is not to attack the public)?

IANAL (maybe one will weigh in) but that sounds a lot safer to me.
And while you are at it, store the BSSID along with the SSIDs seen to make it practically indistinguishable from the real thing.
Hm. If it's in your car, yeah.

Though if I put a thing like that in my window, you'd have to rummage through 20 - 50 flats to find the source of that SSID to identify the creator. With zero legal reason to search my flat over my neighbours flat and vice versa. And also, there is no actual interruption of radio services, so there is no reason to bring in more precise measuring equipment. And I might even have enough time to toss that pi off of the balcony if all else fails.

Seems like so few people would a actually do this they would fly under the radar, though it’s good to be aware of potential problems.
>I find no joy in saying it, but I bet that would get you some unwelcome attention - trademark infringement, defamation, tortious interference - from one of those companies. :(

While that's a wonderfully dystopian view, I'd expect that wouldn't happen unless you attempted to use such SSIDs in a commercial context.

for your "wager" to be successful, I should expect to be sued over saying stuff like "Old McDonald had a quarter pounder Henway" or "Starbuck made the same inferior coffee for Ahab every day."

I'll await cease and desist letters from McDonald's and Starbucks.

According to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office[0]:

   Trademark infringement is the unauthorized use of 
   a trademark or service mark on or in connection 
   with goods and/or services in a manner that is 
   likely to cause confusion, deception, or mistake 
   about the source of the goods and/or services.
Not sure how using a WiFi SSID or other statement that includes trademarked terms (especially those that have cultural roots separate from the trademarks) could be an infringement unless the source is actually selling or marketing a competing product.

[0] https://www.uspto.gov/page/about-trademark-infringement

What part of "likely to cause confusion, deception, or mistake about the source of the goods and/or services" isn't clear to you? McDonalds and Starbucks both provide wi-fi as an enticement for their customers not as a public service. Confusing people as to the origin of the "McDonalds WiFi" SSID pretty clearly fits within that definition. Then there's the "tortious interference" angle, and the fact that they don't have to win any kind of suit to make your life miserable. If you sell a product that uses their trademark to degrade the value of a service they provide, that's more than enough for them to get you into court.

Do you like making lawyers (on both sides) rich? Or tying up courts so they can't hear cases with more merit? Because even if you win, those are the outcomes. Vexatious litigation is a real thing, and practically impossible to prosecute. It can happen to you. The real world doesn't care about your notions of abstract justice, and it's not dystopian to recognize that. If anything, it's your utopian view that's "wonderful" (i.e. appealing but unrealistic) here.

>What part of "likely to cause confusion, deception, or mistake about the source of the goods and/or services" isn't clear to you? McDonalds and Starbucks both provide wi-fi as an enticement for their customers not as a public service.

That's a ridiculous statement on its face.

I didn't realize that I could receive my hamburger or cup of coffee via WiFi.

Certainly, if I surreptitiously set up a WiFi network next to an establishment providing WiFi with an SSID that purports to be from that establishment, there's definitely a problem.

But trademark infringement probably isn't even in the top five in the list of problematic issues.

But GP wasn't even suggesting something like that. Rather, he was suggesting using such SSIDs in unlikely places, in a likely futile gesture, to confound Google's douchebaggery.

As such, I wholeheartedly disagree with you.

Not about frivolous lawsuits, they are a pox on society.

Rather, I disagree that a poor choice of WiFi SSIDs in the context of GPs example (creating such SSIDs in one's moving car to confound Google) could result in a lawsuit from the likes of Starbuck's or McDonald's.

I'd go even further and say that doing so from a stationary site (e.g., one's home), even if that site is in relatively close proximity to such a retail establishment, isn't very likely either.

In fact, a cursory search[0] doesn't show any trademark litigation associated with using SSIDs. The first result is, in fact, your post, with no other relevant results.

[0] https://www.google.com/search?q=SSID+trademark+infringement

Edit: Fixed typo.

A rapsberry pi, a drop dead simple shell script[1], and airbase[0] will get you this in 15 minutes:

[0] https://www.aircrack-ng.org/doku.php?id=airbase-ng

[1] quickliest and dirtiest:

  #!/bin/bash

  while read line; do
    echo "creating basestation ${line}"
    airbase-ng -c 9 -e "${line}" -W 1 wlan0 &
  done < <(echo -e "ap_name_1\nap_name_2\nyet_more_ap")
You should also randomize the BSSID.
(comment deleted)
> Bonus points for bogus names like "Starbucks Wifi" or "McDonalds Free Wifi" in the middle of the highway.

Is the goal to make Google Maps publish a Starbucks/McDonalds in the middle of the highway? I can't imagine they would use the SSID as a source for building location.

No, the SSIDs are used to assist the GPS on where the user is located. Likewise, the data is used to triangulate a user in a specific business/location without needing access to GPS (some more nefarious uses: user is connected to "Joe's Psychiatry Wifi" every Wednesday, maybe we could group the user as a depressed adult for advertisers).
> No, the SSIDs are used to assist the GPS on where the user is located.

and vice versa, GPS is used to assist on where the SSIDs are located.

I used to ride a train which had onboard wifi. Whenever I was on the train and underground, Google Maps would decide that I was at the terminal station of the train - which I assume is where it first scanned that SSID - and would try to reroute me.
I had this problem for a few years back in the mid-10s - any time it saw something like "Virgin WIFI", my phone would assume I was in Manchester, even if I was in London / anywhere Virgin trains go, leading to huge jumps in location[1].

[1] which annoys me - a smartphone should be able to figure out that I have not just travelled 200 miles in 2 seconds and filter that out. This is still a (smaller) problem - my current phone often thinks I've jumped 5 miles for a minute and then back.

If this was codified into a repo, I'd absolutely deploy one or two of my own.
Hanlon's Razor ("Never attribute to malice that which can be adequately explained by stupidity.") may well apply here. It could just be a bug.
Sure. But the actor gains something valuable from this, so it would be a very convenient bug.
Google has been explicitly conditioning access to some features on users agreeing to share data [0]. This is perfectly in line with that strategy. Bugs which happen to work out that way aren't bugs.

[0] https://bgr.com/tech/google-maps-forces-you-to-share-locatio...

That article reads like a corporate press release, and is full of misleading statements and outright lies, from the very first sentence:

If you use Google Maps to get around, you probably know that Google has to access your location information. That’s the only way that it can offer turn-by-turn navigation and direction features.

Plenty of map apps can calculate a route offline and offer navigation, without any data leaving the device. But Google and other companies want to keep people ignorant of how much can be done offline, so they have an excuse to spy on us.

Google has proven so many times they don't deserve the benefit of the doubt, bringing up Hanlon's razor is a bad joke at this point.

Unfortunately I can't find the story of that Mozilla developer that recounted how many times Google introduced "bugs" that only harmed Firefox, and how long it took them to realize this was malicious due to applying Hanlon's razor.

The fact is, if your opponent is even moderately intelligent, Hanlon's razor guarantees to keep you blind to their intentions.

I think this time Occam's razor works just fine ;-)
I've been using Waze this whole time
Waze is owned by google.
I always liked Waze but I don't like Google. I've been blocking as many Google domains as possible but still kept some unblocked just to use Waze (and YouTube). Google changed something, Waze stopped working, I switched to Apple Maps. No regrets.
So how about OsmAnd[0] ?

Supports fully offline mobile navigation.

[0] https://osmand.net/

I wish OsmAnd all the best, but ever since the app was created, its map rendering performance has been stuck in the 2010s, no matter how much faster our devices have gotten since then.

There is justification for it for sure (see https://github.com/osmandapp/OsmAnd/issues?q=is%3Aissue+slow... for a few), and I love OSM out of principle, but as a product, it will remain my last resort until the user experience is tolerable.

If you have an older device, there is a is night and day difference between OsmAnd~ (the F-Droid rebuild) and Organic Maps (the latest maps.me fork). OsmAnd visibly stutters to load in new tiles whereas Organic Maps is perfectly smooth even when zooming quickly.

OsmAnd is still much more feature-rich, though, so it's worth using if you have a more powerful device. Although i do worry about the battery impact.

I want to switch to osmand and I've installed it and Google Maps, but I've yet to be able to use osmand full time. mostly because it never seems to find a full and navigate to it properly.

The best way I've been able to use it is typing the address's postcode and then finally look for the number or building like a barbarian, but even that doesn't always bring up the result.

We like OsmAnd+ a lot, we use Maps too but always keep OsmAnd+ loaded in case we need it. It does use a lot of storage but it's worth it.
OsmAnd does much better navigation than Organic Maps, but the interface is much clunkier. Has a lot of other features too, so good to have both.
I've been using OsmanAnd from f-droid and have been somewhat satisfied.
(comment deleted)
Are you sure they're not doing this to get approximate location for use with A-GPS? Sure, GPS will work without it, but your time to first fix is going to be much longer, and your phone will have no idea where you are while you're waiting for that fix.

There's a good overview of A-GPS in module 5 here [1]. This is just how people expect GPS to work on modern mobile phones, to the point where they'd probably consider it a bug if they had to wait a while to get a fix.

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CBINyC3NWU&list=PLGvhNIiu1u...

AGPS works with cellular, Wi-Fi is not required. So no, it’s not only for this reason.
As I understand it, the OP is trying to keep all non-GPS location sources disabled.

> I've had different things disabled. Wifi scanning. Bluetooth. Cell location data. Etc. Always with one single goal -- GPS only for location.

that most definitely is the reason to ask for wifi scanning, but the point was reiterated many times in the post. This is about privacy AND the fact that GPS-only navigation works globally just fine. If the user wishes to have that improved cold start approximate location then sure, turn on wifi scanning. If they do not wish to give that up, they should still be able to navigate
So if an app knows your exact lat long after 30s of spending battery power there's no privacy issue but if it uses wifi SSIDs around you to do the job in 2s with less power it's a breach of privacy?
Why not let the user decide what their personal privacy trade-off is?

That is, fundamentally, what the original post is about.

Because it adds to the software complexity. several boolean toggles for deciding what to incorporate into the localization algorithm: one toggle for GPS, another for wifi, Bluetooth, cell tower, barometer, etc. and fusing these in all the various combination, testing them, etc.

and after doing all that users will mess up their config and then complain that this app sucks not knowing someone on HN had this feature request for "privacy" reasons even though it's pretty unclear to me what privacy is being gained here.

Apple products generally don't give the user much choice and decide what's right for the UX and it's served them well

Though the software complexity was already there, and they decided to remove it (by adding another kind of software complexity), effectively deleting a feature that apparently people are using.

It cannot even be claimed to be an UX improvement since it's creating disruption for everybody that had this feature disabled.

At this point they should have added it to the terms of use and deleted the toggle directly (which I suspect they are going to do down the line, when they can prove that nobody keeps that toggle off).

Sorry, that argument doesn't hold water. The software has to work in the park with no wifi too.
you misunderstand completely. sending a complete list of SSIDs from your surrounding perfectly tied to an exact GPS location gets you a map of the world and precise-enough location based solely off of SSID data. They are having customers build their database to track you later when you use any G-app that has wifi access but not gps access, they would then know your approximate location while reading emails.
I think cold start times on modern GPS units are on the order of 30 seconds now. Even if you lose all almanac and ephemeris data, and don't know what time it is. AGPS is nice (2s cold start times), but by no means essential for a decent user experience.

(The datasheets are not a lie. I have had a ZED-F9P on the shelf for a month or so. Plugged it in and had a fix in 32 seconds. The delay was that I could only see 3 GPS satellites, so had to fall back to the slightly slower multi-constellation warm start.)

I thought AGPS was just the download of almanac/ephemeris data from a server on the internet. I didn't think it had anything to do with figuring out location using visible wifi APs or anything like that. Sure, you need an internet connection to download the AGPS data, but that could also be your cellular data connection and not wifi.
I have regarded the entire Google Maps dev team with utter contempt since they first combined maps and navigation into one app, thereby preventing you from using both at the same time.

At this point I'd rather use a paper map then let Google wardrive using my phone 24 hours a day.

My biggest pet peeve is that when you search for something, your starred places disappear.

Hey, I'm actually trying to see if this is close to somewhere I go! What's the closest post office to my daughter's school? Oh, wait, where'd the school go? Insane.

If you use the Android Go version the maps and navigation are separate.
I don't understand this at all. If they're both in the same app, then aren't you using them both every time you're using it? What does it mean to navigate without using a map?
My partner and I will be driving and my partner will point to a funny looking building and say, "Whats that?". To answer the question I need to quit navigation to view the map. You can't "browse" the map while in navigation.
You could just use another application such as Windy Maps to answer that.
Pushing your customers to a comperror in this way is an unforced wrror.
Can't you just open Google Maps in the browser? Just tried and it works fine. (Firefox did try to auto-open the app, but going back and trying again caused it to stay in the browser.)
I don't like this being forced on you, but who the hell cares about wifi/bt SSID sniffing? What's so bad about collecting it?

You are literally broadcasting it yourself and on most devices you can't even turn broadcasting off anymore.

On a localised basis, it is perhaps not so bad, however at a higher level, it allows you to piece together a huge amount of info, including grouping members of households etc.

Honestly, it's not a great piece of info to be leaking, if you value your privacy.

That requires processing the data in ways that would have to be disclosed as per law.
That only requires writing an apology for a bug after processing the data in this ways was found to be undisclosed, and then disclosing it with no opt-out.
Or alternatively, process the data anyway, make tens of billions of dollars from it, and pay a 2 billion dollar fine if the regulators find out.

The fine is just another cost of doing business ;)

> grouping members of households

How does GPS location not achieve same..?

My access points are inaccessible to the public. You would have to trespass deep into my property. No one has any business knowing anything about my network or devices here.
so nobody will ever sniff them then. This is not an answer to the question.
Obviously they're concerned that their own phone will sniff them.
But what's the problem with revealing your SSID/mac address to Google or anyone else?

Also - it's still probably possible with satellites or extra sensitive gear (sats already monitor marine AIS).

Unfortunately you are up against trillion dollar corporations who think the world is their little model, active misinformation from them, blatant bribery of elected officials leading to an engineered lack of government oversight, a completely clueless population, and an exponentially increasing technical capability of surveillance.
My access points are inaccessible to the public. You would have to trespass deep into my property.
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I'd prefer the combo of ssid, password and location to not all be known to the same single party.
Yeah, an SSID is meant to be a publicly available address. You can always hide them if you want.

Could you imagine the outrage if people found out Google was collecting and storing everyone's home address?

I regret the last time I let it auto-update: that update had brought lots of junk UI and the annoying and equally useless "covid" reminder at the bottom. Since then I've disabled the auto-updates. If one day it refuses to work, I guess I'll just find some OSM-based alternative.
What is the value of sniffing the local ssids? As far as I know it is just to get a better and faster lock on location (sometimes GPS signals are weak) and therefore give better navigation. Does anyone know of some other purpose?
GPS is only so accurate on phones by itself. I assume harvesting SSIDs helps a lot for knowing specifically which stores you're shopping at in a dense area with weak GPS signal. It's very accurate with it's "How did you like visiting _____?" notifications and if you look at your location history I think it also accurately labels stores well.

Obviously knowing every store you visit is very useful advertising data.

I'm curious as well. Who out there is even using open wifi without at least a captive portal? What benefit to Google is there to just collect SSIDs?
To know where you are even with GPS off.
That still requires an app to have location permissions to do.
To serve ads. They can tell a business a consumer was withing X distance if your establishment. We can show them an advertisement in google maps the next time they are near by if you gladly pay us
GPS is pretty battery intensive.

Your phone is already gathering a list of every SSID it touches every second. If Google can eliminate the need to use GPS to confirm that you are sitting at your desk, it can eliminate a bunch of needless GPS calculations.

GPS itself doesn't use much battery at all, nor do the calculations that use it. GPS-enabled apps use a lot of battery because they have to constantly wake up the device and enable the antenna, but that hardly matters for a navigation app, which is already awake and scanning constantly. Most of the battery use on Google Maps nav comes from keeping the screen on, and re-drawing the map it shows.

Source: I used to be the lead GPS engineer on this product.

Interesting!

But say if my wife and I have location sharing enabled, and it updates every several minutes, is there any difference in using SSIDs vs GPS?

My understanding is that they keep a record of SSID’s and their GPS-mapped location to know your exact location when you connect.

Google has done really dark stuff with WiFi networks before, like when it came out that their StreetView cars were wardriving and intercepting data: https://www.wired.com/2012/05/google-wifi-fcc-investigation/

> The design document showed that, in addition to collecting data that Google could use to map the location of wireless access points, Engineer Doe intended to collect, store, and analyze payload data from unencrypted Wi-Fi networks

At this point, I’m skeptical of any data I provide Google; they are masterminds at combining multiple points of data into something useful.

  This has a dual purpose. 
  From your perspective, that's true. It gives a better and faster lock on location.
  But at the same time, it associate the WIFI with a location with the accuracy of a GPS.
  So when you go into your laptop which has no GPS, the WiFi which you connect now has a real location association with it.
  Presto. Now Google can track your real location on your laptop and any other WiFi enabled device.
> So when you go into your laptop which has no GPS, the WiFi which you connect now has a real location association with it.

The phone can associate the SSID with a physical location. Maybe also a MAC address?

From a web browser on the laptop, they'll have the wi-fi network's IP address. They won't be told the SSID.

They'll have different pieces of information. I don't think it will help to work out your physical location from a laptop's web browser.

To associate a wi-fi network with a physical location that's helpful for tracking a laptop either: Your phone would need to authenticate to it and reach the internet to get the wi-fi network's IP address whilst on GPS Or: wi-fi networks you're not connected to need to be broadcasting their public MAC address- so far as I'm aware they don't

Back when I was working on location for Google Maps navigation, we explicitly disabled the wifi-based location service, because it was less accurate, and occasionally started giving locations from several seconds ago.

So to me it's kind of a baffling decision.

> Of course, device location is on, but it's only for GPS, and google so badly wants that (apparently) vital, and sweet wifi + bluetooth + cell tracking data.

I'd believe this has been made to reduce the number of "Maps takes soooo long to acquire my position on the map / can't find me when I'm in a building" complaints. A WiFi scan will be very quick (to the tune of 1-5s) to establish rough coordinates, a GPS TTFF can take minutes or be outright impossible.

On the other hand, those "rough coordinates" you get from a WiFi scan may be hundreds of miles away from your actual location. WiFi networks move.

For example, I have a 4G hotspot with a proper antenna for areas with poor reception. While traveling to a campground the location remains accurate so long as I'm using Maps for navigation (with GPS). Shortly after I arrive and activate my hotspot, however, my phone starts reporting that I'm at the last place I stayed. And it generally keeps doing that for several days (until I'm about ready to leave) before their database finally updates. If I force a GPS fix—which takes longer due to the bad initial guess—it shows the right place for a while and then reverts once GPS is no longer active. What I want is for it to ignore all the mobile hotspots around me[0] and just use GPS and fixed sources such as cell towers. An out-of-date GPS fix would be better than its guess based on WiFi scanning, but Maps no longer supports navigation without what they laughably refer to as "Google Location Accuracy" enabled. There isn't even an option to include the more reliable sources such as cellular service and local sensors (inertial navigation) while excluding WiFi.

[0] Yes, I know I could rename the hotspot to use some ugly suffix or other ("_no_map", I think?) to avoid it being recorded in the database. That doesn't help with all the other mobile hotspots I don't control.

While I'm not sure if this change to Google Maps has been or will be widely rolled out, you may want to look into what GrapheneOS is working on with their Google Play compatibility layer [1]. It basically lets people use Google's services inside Android's standard app sandbox. That means they don't get access to privileged system APIs and can only access what the user chooses. It can also be used without a Google account.

GrapheneOS is working on a way to redirect the Play services location APIs to an open source implementation of those APIs which uses standard Android location APIs [2]. It's expected to be available in an upcoming release [3].

[1] https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play

[2] https://developer.android.com/reference/android/location/Loc...

[3] https://twitter.com/GrapheneOS/status/1486182874567122945

> to an open source implementation of those APIs

Is this MicroG? https://microg.org/

No, microG is a partial reimplementation of some of the functionality in the Google Mobile Services (GMS) app. Unfortunately, this approach has significant drawbacks. In order to install microG, your version of Android OS needs support for spoofing the cryptographic signatures of apps. Some OSes like LineageOS and CalyxOS allow this. See [1] for some pointers about why this is considered harmful. There was also a recent fairly serious infoleak bug in microG [2] that in my opinion was caused by its broad scope.

The way it works in GrapheneOS is that the OS redirects Binder connections (an IPC mechanism in Android) to a trusted, bundled app (GmsCompat) which will only implement the Play services location API in the foreseeable future. The rest of the Google Play functionality is implemented by GMS itself.

[1] https://madaidans-insecurities.github.io/android.html#microg...

[2] https://github.com/microg/GmsCore/issues/1567

Speaking of signatures, google play now requires developers to submit the private keys we used to sign apps with. Without submitting a key I can't issue updates. Out of protest I stopped pushing updates to apps via Google Play.
Yes, that is fairly concerning. The last news I had about this was that using Google Play Signing (their key escrow and app signing service) was only mandatory for new apps as of August 2021. Not sure if that has changed recently. But everyone can see it coming a mile away, that Google will only continue tightening that grip.

To be honest, I understand the potentially good intentions behind Google's push to manage keys for app developers. It is not trivial to (1) keep private keys secure, and (2) not lose access to them over a long enough period of time. So Google can store them in HSMs in their datacenters and provide backups and access controls and such. But it also gives them the ability to deliver app updates with "extra stuff" for targeted individuals. See Figure 1 of [1]. That doesn't look very nice to me.

[1] https://developer.android.com/studio/publish/app-signing

The other reason is that they want to repackage your app for different target systems. Right now they are stripping assets and native libraries, but I hear they are going to start precompiling dex and shipping OAT directly in the APK.

I wonder if there's an internal fight between the Tools and Play teams, because all of this should be possible via the Gradle plugin, but understandably the Play team probably wouldn't see high adoption of APK splits if it required configuration via the morass of crap that is Gradle.

This can be solved in many different ways that don't require you to give them your keys.

It is pretty typical of Google to choose the most invasive solution.

That article may be overstating the danger somewhat, it will depend on the way the ROM chooses to implement it certainly but none of them give the permission automatically, some require you to enable it deep in the advanced app settings and some only enable it for system-level privileged apps (and if you can't trust those, then what can you trust?). See for instance LineageOS for MicroG's claims:

>The signature spoofing could be an unsafe feature only if the user blindly gives any permission to any app, as this permission can't be obtained automatically by the apps. Moreover, to further strengthen the security of our ROM, we modified the signature spoofing permission so that only system privileged apps can obtain it, and no security threat is posed to our users.

https://lineage.microg.org/#faq7

I wondered how long before google will have a reason for grapheneOS to suddenly stop being supoorted on the pixel. Now i know it will be soon and i get to tell everyone i told you so
Google is moving all Android distributors to upstream Linux, so I guess it is us telling you so :).
They are creating custom silicon and a new operating system, wouldn't be surprised that will be the cutoff moment.
> I immediately installed Organic Maps, and I'm sure there are loads of others as an option.

Here are OSM-based maps applications for Android.[0,1]

Not all OSM-based Android apps listed on OpenStreetMap Wiki, so check out also maps apps in various F-Droid repos.[2]

Also here are maps apps for Symbian[3,4] and Maemo[5].

For other platforms there are also a lot of other apps.[6]

[0] https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Android#OpenStreetMap_ap...

[1] https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Android_ap...

[2] https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/

[3] https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Symbian

[4] https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/S60Maps

[5] https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Software/Maemo

[6] https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Software

Does anyone have a favorite that has worked well for them?
Not in the list, Here maps (with ancient roots in Nokia Maps) is excellent.
Does it still crash when going over a bridge? It did this quite often for me.
Seconded, especially the HERE WeGo app just for route navigation is excellent and imho better than gmaps most of the time.
OsmAnd+ has worked great for us for several years.
I use OsmAnd~ 4.0.x[0], F-Droid packges of OsmAnd+, under Android 5.x for three years already for bike journeys.

Sadly, since OsmAnd+ 4.1.x it requires Android 6+ to work.

Looking inside changelog of OsmAnd+ I really can't understand why Android 5.x support was dropped.

Actually I can't decide where to move next after OsmAnd: Organic Maps[1], Pocket Maps[2] or something else.

Also from-time-to-time tested Navit[3], but its GUI is far away from what I'm looking for.

[0] https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/index/apk/net.osmand.plus?rep...

[1] https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/index/apk/app.organicmaps?rep...

[2] https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/index/apk/com.junjunguo.pocke...

[3] https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/index/apk/org.navitproject.na...

"Sadly, since OsmAnd+ 4.1.x it requires Android 6+ to work."

I mean, that's a pretty old version of Android.

> Looking inside changelog of OsmAnd+ I really can't understand why Android 5.x support was dropped

It might have something to do with the requirements for the Android Auto integration, which was just added recently.

For hiking and biking, I like Windy Maps. It shows terrain contours and highlights foot and bike trail relations, and has an easy-to-use GPS track recorder. You can also ask for future weather forecasts along a navigation route, which is pretty keen if you're traveling long distances. Windy Maps does have a driving navigation mode, but I find that the extra map details that are handy for outdoors activities crowd the map too much for easy reference when driving, especially in dense areas.

For general map browsing, I tend to use Organic Maps. It does a better job rendering urban environments, and even shows primitive 3D buildings when OSM has the data. It's decent as a driving GPS.

Debatably, the best OSM-powered mobile app is OsmAnd, which is a more powerful application with the downsides that come with that -- slow, lots of settings, crowded UI. The killer features IMO are: 1) it's the only one (best I know) that allows users to zoom extremely close, which is vital to see all POIs in dense areas and also helpful to see details of parks and trails 2) it's the only one (best I know) that can interface with Android Auto enabled vehicles. (There's an iOS version of OsmAnd but I've never used it since it requires a subscription for map updates.)

There are particular use cases (eg hiking) when one of these OSM-powered apps will be an adequate or even superior replacement for Google Maps. These use cases are the exception. Google Maps has its own two killer features: 1) realtime traffic for car navigation 2) sophisticated public transit routing, again with realtime data integration.

All 3 of the above apps will attempt public transit routing, but I'd never use them. They don't comprehend train schedules, much less realtime data. They don't handle bus directions at all, though this might be down to the state of the OSM data in the locations I've tried them -- bus route relations are difficult to create and maintain in OSM, and easy to break.

I'm an OSM fanatic myself, so it's saddening not to be able to wholeheartedly endorse any of the current slate of apps. The good news is that the available apps have never been better and continue to improve. Sometime soonish it might be merely a minor inconvenience to de-google your mapping life. (Apple Maps is also pretty good with realtime traffic and public transit routing, if that's an option.)

If you are lucky to live in a city covered by them, Citymapper is a very good app for public transit routing.
I tried it in NYC... the map says "Google." If I'm going to be using Google anyway, why not just use the real thing? (This thread lists some possible reasons, obviously.)
I'm fairly sure they don't use Google at all for the transit routing which is their secret sauce. They just overlay their transit routing data over the top of plain Google Maps. Google is pretty horrible with certain routing. For example transferring to following train at a designated transfer station is something Google struggles with. There is a station in my home city designated as a transfer station with timed connections where Google maps will tell you not to transfer to a train 5 minutes later and actually suggests you wait 15/25/35mins for the following train) whereas other transit apps seem to handle this fine (e.g. it can infer that Train 1 is timed to stop at the station 5 minutes before Train 2 at the same station in order for people to transfer and therefore this transfer is suggested to the user as the most optimal route).
I don't know why, but I love Mapy.cz. Someone recommended it to me when I was hiking in eastern europe, and I use it daily for hiking and biking. I don't own a car but I occasionally also use it when I have rented or borrowed one and it works fine.
Osmand is the best. You can use offline maps, I highly recommend it.

Have been using it for six years now.

Search is good enough.

I don't know if there is an alternative.

Refusing service when the user does not consent to non-essential data sharing is illegal in the EU, and it also breaches Google Play's developer agreement. WiFi scanning is not essential to navigate with an app, and the least they could do to follow the law is to gracefully degrade the service if the user does not consent to share data about nearby devices, such as disabling traffic predictions.

Of course Google's lawyers will argue that this data is in fact required for navigation, the same way some banks in the EU now claim "legitimate interest" when they send you a message about their credit card promotions with winnable prizes, after you've explicitly opted out from all marketing communications.

It arguably may allow the navigation to be more accurate, even if a tiny amount, though it obviously isn't strictly required since navigation works without the data.
Can't believe I'm on this side of the debate, but at what point are we asking too much for free?

Google provide Maps for free to an incredible accuracy and value. Unlike Apple, the user is welcome to use any other app, and yet chooses to use Google Maps.

You could maybe argue that Google Maps is part of a package you bought the phone for, but realistically I think the solution is Google are just open about the use of data (which they are really) and offers a paid solution that doesn't track you.

Selling organs is illegal. Maybe selling your personal / environmental data is too.

Anyone can charge money for access to an app to compensate for value of data.

> and offers a paid solution that doesn't track you.

of Maps?

Hell let’s make selling anything about me illegal: my voice, my image, my ideas, my bodily fluids, especially my time and effort. Then I can finally live off the allowance our caring government will generously offer.
Here, how about a compromise.

They can have my data but they have to pay minimum wage for it.

I like that -- Guaranteed minimum income for anyone willing to sign up for big-tech free services. I think that is an experiment worth conducting.
Minimum price for something just makes it illegal to sell if it happens to be worth less.
If your data is worth that little, which it is, then yeah let's make it illegal for companies to coerce people into giving it up with boilerplate contracts. The impact is too high and the benefit too low.

This is not a slippery slope toward outlawing anything you could possibly sell.

I’ve been giving away "my data" for free stuff since the beginning of the Internet. Still waiting breathlessly for that high impact.
I’m guessing it’s more like being a frog in a stewpot as the temperature slowly rises.
Describe the boiling please.
Easy. The insidious infiltration of advertising and marketing in nearly every aspect of your life. Behind every purchase you make, there's money changing hands between the seller and the person who nudged your hand just a little bit to the left. You're not in control of where you spend your money. Don't notice it? That's the point.
Totally don’t mind it. Sure 99% of people don’t mind it either. I don’t see the actual damage done. Comparing it to "boiling the frog" is ridiculous.

But it surely was an awesome cause for politicians who took this non-issue and made a huge deal out of it. Actual damage done: my browsing UX destroyed and great free services I used every day now under jeopardy.

Congratulations on taking your personal choice and preference and imposing it on the great majority.

What even does "minimum wage" mean in this context? Like, all the time they possess it? The CPU time they spend on it? I'm not sure I understand the sense this makes.
I read it as meaning (minimum wage * full time job), i.e. 40 hours per week.
For this situation, it's easy, it's the entire time I'm driving.

They'd never go anywhere near the idea so I don't feel too much pressure to nail down how it would work for non-real-time data.

They don't have to offer it for free. But I bet that if they stopped, someone else would.
> and offers a paid solution that doesn't track you.

Really? Never heard of that. Can you elaborate?

Google Maps doesn't make money using wifi data. It makes money the way it always does: through ads [0,1].

[0]: https://support.google.com/google-ads/answer/7040605?hl=en

[1]: https://ads.google.com/hotels/

They can sell ads better if they know where you are. Wifi data is making that every easy and battery saving to track.
They already know where you are to a sufficiently high degree of precision with GPS. The battery matters to you, not to Google. Wifi ads next to nothing for Google.
Or more pedantically, Google knows where your device is to a sufficiently high degree of precision. They can't stop me from just leaving that shit home or in a faraday cage.
They also make a fair bit of money selling geofencing services to law enforcement agencies.
> Can't believe I'm on this side of the debate, but at what point are we asking too much for free?

You act like it's consumers moving the line. It's Google. Massively profitable for a long time now, Google. Your argument is that if we resist Google's ever-advancing march deeper into our privacy, that we consumers are the ones who are changing things, making things unfair to poor Google.

>Unlike Apple, the user is welcome to use any other app,

This part of your comment makes no sense to me - how do Apple users not have choice in maps apps...?

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you can't set the default maps app in iOS. for example if you tap on an address in an iMessage you'll be directed to Apple maps
At the very least you can get asked which map app you want to use for sure, this is how my phone is set up.
> Google are just open about the use of data

Will. Never. Happen. GLS is dystopian hellscape tracking masquerading under the fig leaf of "anonymity". Its technical details, pretty much a wet dream of the world's spy agencies, will never be revealed.

> at what point are we asking too much for free?

I am a paying customer for a bunch of other Google products.

We’ve also seen with custom domain grandfathering out that they’re not out of options regarding their services terms.

They choose to make Maps free, and there is no option to pay for Maps outside of the API.

“Don’t complain it’s free.” is not a valid argument when it is a revenue making product from a for profit product company. It’s their choice, not ours.

Is it asking to get it for free, or is it regulating how you can monetize it? I don't think the argument is that Google maps has to be free, it's that they can't make you pay for it with your personal data.
That a service is offered for free *does not* mean that the service can request unnecessary privilege for its offering.

> at what point are we asking too much for free?

At the point that they should *STOP*, which is also free.

At the point where Google's failures to release working, marketable, and financially successful projects are causing them to leech off freeware.

Remember openstreetmaps is also free. I fully support freeware being paywalled as that would decimate FAMANG's userbase.

If I ask Google Maps to provide my cycling directions, I get multiple options depending on destination. If I ask Apple Maps, I get an apology that directions are not available in my area. I don't think Googs is using openstreetmaps data
I don’t think Apple Maps use OSM correctly, otherwise they wouldn’t suggest me walking over a bridge that has been disused and partially disassembled a decade ago. OSMAnd doesn’t do that, for example.
Please tell me this comment was written by some Google AI..
Google is a large monopoly that subsidizes “free” products to burn a thousand mile clearing around their money engine.

If Google maps was not free, there would be more of a market for competing mapping products.

A mapping product has a natural intersection with advertisements - a non-negligible number of mapped trips are commercial in nature, and can thus catch consumers right before the moment of purchase. This might prove fertile ground for a new competitor.

So Google gives maps away, and anyone who wants to compete has to compete with free, and starts with a tremendous data disadvantage.

Through this lens, requiring you to disclose more data makes sense. They strengthen their data moat around the free product, which in turn protects their dominant position in ads.

I would like to see regulators crack down on this kind of anti-competitive behavior.

Makes me wonder, was the DoJ right that it was bad for Microsoft to bundle Internet Explorer for free? I know it sounds insane now to have an OS without a browser, but was this the “original sin” that permanently warped expectations for what amounts people should be willing to pay for software?

Even today, outside of gaming/entertainment, the consumer software market is basically a wasteland. But if you had to pay for a browser today (pick your favorite), how much would that be worth to you? (Netscape cost $50! Or $90 in today’s equivalent.) I can’t think of any other market where we expect so much in exchange for paying so little.

Most likely today’s end state was inevitable; if MSFT hadn’t bundled IE, someone else would have made a similar play and capitalized on the network effects.

you could make similar arguments for any integrated or bundled technology. even products like microsoft office which knocked out competition back in the day when there were competing spreadsheet packages.

where it gets philosophically interesting is how this integration can cut across dimensions. software can be bundled horizontally, and software+hardware+commerce+service can be bundled vertically.

integration often leads to smoother experiences for end users at reduced cost, but comes at the expense of winner take all economics in the marketplace.

finding the right balance across both dimensions will be the great challenge for 21st century technology regulation. it's unclear to me how much antitrust experience from the past will help with this (or if consolidation may actually be desirable, freeing up capacity for new problems)

Thank you :-) I wholeheartedly agree with you, and I'm sad not seeing it reported more often.

I consider that Google Maps being free stagnated the maps market, and stopped any innovation from happening. Often when I say this, I get "But OpenStreetMap". When only volunteers can compete, that's a definite proof something's wrong.

(though arguably Google Maps did improve a bit over time, while gmail really didn't at all)

It's worth pointing out that OpenStreetMap has Microsoft, Amazon, Apple and Facebook and many other corporate contributors and they are contributing huge amounts of data, all the time, everywhere.

"Apple Maps, is by far the most prolific current corporate editor and was responsible for almost 80% of all edits to pre-existing roads in 2018."

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-19/openstree... https://www.openstreetmap.org/user/Jennings%20Anderson/diary...

Openstreetmap has never been volunteer only, but to be fair its only in the last decade that we've seen this change.

This bandwagon only happened because OSM gained traction, sometime in the 2010s. Sure, popularity breeds more popularity, afterwards. Even for all this, the biggest single event that boosted interest in OSM was, ironically, Google imposing far stricter gratis limits on its Maps, a few years back (2018, IIRC?)
I do btw, fully agree. If Google Search was forced to exist as an independent company it would radically affect (I believe for the better) the finance model of the rest of their products and help the market as a whole.
> at what point are we asking too much for free?

But isn't this reasoning sort of paradox? Google is asking for something here in exchange of allowing to use the navigation feature. That makes it by definition not free - it's just, there is no straight-forward monetary price to it.

You can redefine "free" as "any price other than money" - and lots of people in tech seem to do exactly that - but then, if done honestly, you'd have to allow people to reason about non-monetary prices in the same way as about monetary ones: Compare them, decide about fairness, etc.

What scares me is that frequently, this isn't done - on the contrary: A developer can make its users jump through all kinds of hoops and demand whatever they want - and all is ok because it's "free"!

> Unlike Apple, the user is welcome to use any other app, and yet chooses to use Google Maps.

iPhones let you install Google Maps, you're not locked in to Apple Maps.

If the business model Google themselves created will somehow fail if we don't continue to allow them to suck more and more private data out of us then so be it. They will have to change their business model. I am not interested in changing to accommodate them.

By the way, there is nothing free here. All of those advertising dollars come out of our pockets via increased products costs.

Fine, so give me a Google Maps subscription price that does not show me ads, does not save my location history. I pay for YouTube Premium to avoid ads, I would pay for a privacy-preserving and ad-free Google Maps. Maps and navigation is the only reason I have a smartphone. If they can't offer that, I'll buy a feature phone and a Garmin Drive or some other device for nav.
Genuine Question: Does paying for YouTube Premium prevent them from accessing your viewing data to better serve you ads elsewhere? I suspect it doesn't, but haven't really thought about it before
This encourages a classist system where the affluent get to keep their data private and the poor working class' data is open season for companies to exploit and use for oppressive purposes.
Not been free for me, pre-installed on all the Android Phone I have bought, part of the purchased product.
> non-essential data sharing

But it is essential. Google (and Apple) maps provide lane specific navigation directions, which are really only possible with assisted GPS. In theory GPS has the accuracy, but remember you are in a big metal box filled with electrical wires. Not to mention other applications like isle specific navigation within stores, which is made possible by bluetooth beacons.

Heck, we are on the verge of a major world conflict where GPS accuracy may be degraded intentionally by the US or jammed by other forces.

Edit: Navigation is used in situations other than racing down the autobahn at 100 mph. Wifi triangulation is used when you are doing 20 mph on a busy street and need to be in the right lane to make a turn, or when you are walking down the street and need to know which unmarked door is the business you are looking for.

Here is some background on why GPS is shit in urban environments: https://vitalalert.com/markets/positioning-smart-cities/3d-p...

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Lane specific driving directions?

How many Wifi access points and Bluetooth beacons is Google expecting to find on the highway while moving at 70mph?

I would presume they're hoping to find the devices of other nearby users?
But those would be in random cars around you, which are constantly moving. How could those help retrieving your own location on a map?
If there is a car travelling the same direction as you but a bit to the right, then you are not in the rightmost lane.
How would the phone know the wifi signal is coming from your right?
Because we also know about the car going in the other direction, and you came closer to it. Hypothetically.

Or if gps errors are correlated between phones.

Good point. Ok what about this then: Check the relative strength of cars travelling opposite way compared to same way.
I suppose if there are enough cars, and if you have access to the wifi and location data for enough of the phones, it might be possible to determine someone's relative location by triangulating the signal strength from multiple vantage points.

So my phone by itself doesn't know the direction of the signal, but two or more other phones could combine our location data with relative wifi signal strength and potentially get a better idea of where the signal is coming from. (I had forgotten that we were talking about an entity that potentially knows the data from all the devices, not just one endpoint.)

How about in town, going 20mph?

Most of the android tracing that I've seen logged on location history is wifi multilateration based. Since wifi is on most of the time, it's the quickest way of finding your location (since you're most likely on the road), and you can turn off GPS saving about 25mW or more of power.

But it does mean you need WiFi on negating any power saving you make from disabling GPS anyway.
This may be Waze beacons which use bluetooth to help position the user when they're going through tunnels, where there is no GPS coverage.

https://support.google.com/waze/partners/answer/9416071?hl=e...

https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/29/18202359/waze-beacons-nyc...

...positioned to give you a 1-dimensional measurement: how far are you along this specific tunnel? Expecting triangulation is, well, overly optimistic. By an order of magnitude, at least (and would require a far denser mesh of beacons, whereas this only needs one beacon every $measure ; or two, for added redundancy).

In other words, it's still useful for navigation like "you are now 2000 meters/yards/cubits into the tunnel, therefore you should be taking either of the two middle lanes", but the trick is, this doesn't require the app to know your current lane.

Wifi and cell tower location are much less precise than GPS. They are irrelevant for lane detection.

Where they are useful is when you are indoors. Or when a tracking business wants an excuse to send your location to their servers.

Rando: "So what's your company do?"

Google employee: "I work at a tracking business"

If we're at the point someone is jamming GPS, I guarantee lane specific directions is going to be about the last thing I care about.
Not correct. Wifi is not used to boost precision at speed. That is generally done via dead reckoning using the gyroscope and accelerometer. Wifi helps with bootstrapping a coarse location quickly before satellites can be acquired, and with indoor positioning.
And (along with cellular data) with acquiring the almanac data via the Internet instead of waiting for up to 30 minutes for the satellites to broadcast it.
Last time I checked it took 12.5 minutes for full almanac broadcast... Did something change?
Just by downloading recent data without any prior knowledge of your location (aside of maybe determining which continent you're on, which most of the time is already known because of which cellular network you're connected to), you can usually easily reduce that to around a minute with no WiFi, BT or cellular triangulation necessary - and that's on a cold start; hot start will be instantaneous anyway.
Information about nearby devices is not essential for navigation, otherwise the permission wouldn't have been optional until now. It can improve the service in some situations, so the right way would be to explain the tradeoff and let the user control how much data is being shared.
Tinfoil hat: the number of US GPS satellites in operation has been going down, both in % of total satellites and in actual numbers over the years. I’d venture “US being able to rely on GPS” is probably not a great thing.

That being said, wanting more user data is probably the right answer.

Not really. That accuracy is not done with RSSI measurements from far away SSIDs.
Are you suggesting that they have no choice but to completely stop locating the user as there's absolutely no way they could offer non-lane specific navigation? The vast majority of it would be identical and I'm sure they could easily and gracefully degrade to that when strictly necessary.
How much does a company need to degrade a service - at potentially great cost - to be compliant before they can claim it then would be better not to provide the service at all to customers unwilling to share data?

I am not claiming that this is where Google needs to draw the line in the sand - but there obviously is such a limit to these considerations.

Google doesn't have lane data for every road in the world, yet clearly navigation is already implemented to work without it?

I don't know why people throw up random excuses for companies instead of accepting the simplest answer - they want as much data as they can.

Google was able to provide the service before, now they patched it out. So clearly it is not a question of ability to gracefully degrade but of willingness.
> Heck, we are on the verge of a major world conflict where GPS accuracy may be degraded intentionally by the US or jammed by other forces.

During which (brief?) time we will have other pressing concerns beyond degraded mapping services. Why should this temporary condition that on its own is certainly not 'crippling' be an excuse for accepting that Google/Alphabet and like minded corporations want technical approaches that enable them to know everything about us 24/7?

> But it is essential. Google (and Apple) maps provide lane specific navigation directions, which are really only possible with assisted GPS.

Assuming that's true (I'm skeptical), there's no reason why it can't gracefully degrade without the added information.

Regardless, I'm not sure what you mean by lane-specific navigation. Yes, I've seen Google put up a little drawing of the multiple lanes, with the correct lanes for the next turn in bright white, and the incorrect lanes in grey, but that doesn't need to know what lane you're currently in, as it just highlights which lanes are correct and incorrect, regardless of where you are.

My 10 year old navigation device (WindowsCE-based) has no wifi nor celluar and lane specific navigation works fine. Also having lane specific navigation is not essential.
Could you share more information about your device? What is it?
Maps routinely tells me to "use the right two lanes to exit", but it doesn't show any awareness of where I am. It says the same thing whether I'm in the left lane or the exit lanes. Are others getting directions like "merge two lanes to the right to exit"?
Similarly, I wish Maps would tell me the best lane to be in right now so that I have the minimum frustration with being in the proper lane for the next step.
Is nobody capable of looking out the window at the street signs that tell you which lane you need to be in to turn right?
> Google (and Apple) maps provide lane specific navigation directions, which are really only possible with assisted GPS.

lol wtf. Source?

This reason is complete nonsense. Google tells you that you need to be in the right lane for a turn regardless of which lane you are actually in.
> But it is essential. description of feature non-essential to navigation

Sure. And stand-alone GPS navigation devices also don't work in cars.

>But it is essential. Google (and Apple) maps provide lane specific navigation directions, which are really only possible with assisted GPS. In theory GPS has the accuracy, but remember you are in a big metal box filled with electrical wires. Not to mention other applications like isle specific navigation within stores, which is made possible by bluetooth beacons.

As someone who's degree had a course in sattelite rangefinding(both code and phase), this is bullshit. Code GPS measurement should be enough for that. Especially when you already contain road data to which you can snap, and probably have access to accelerometer too which can easily improve accuracy of 'snapping'.

You don't need to get precision down to a lane on the road for purpose of navigation, you just need to 'snap' to the right road. and warn user beforehand if they need to take a turn. Just like 'dumb' GPS navigation did prior to smartphone era, while having access to less satellite systems.

> As someone who's degree had a course in sattelite rangefinding

So you are well versed in multipath reflection and why it makes unassisted GPS in urban environments with tall buildings close together almost completely unusable?

> You don't need to get precision down to a lane on the road for purpose of navigation

If you want to build an early 2000s Garmin competitor, sure. But people don't buy $1,500 pocket computers every 18 months to keep doing the same thing.

Are you saying every tomtom, garmin, etc used Bluetooth and cell services for navigation all those years?

Not to be argumentative but dedicated GPS devices didn’t always have that option. Also I’m curious: it uses triangulation off cell towers to help. I don’t see how Bluetooth helps improve accuracy. Do they map WiFi spots accurately?

> Do they map WiFi spots accurately?

Yes, there are a number of companies that maintain BSSID->Lat/Long Databases. Skyhook is probably the biggest commercial one, and https://www.wigle.net/ the biggest open source one.

>So you are well versed in multipath reflection and why it makes unassisted GPS in urban environments with tall buildings close together almost completely unusable?

Yes, a common problem even for static measurements. Yet it worked with 'dumb' gps navigations. Btw - it's not just a p roblem in urban evirorments, especially for phase measurements - you shouldn't do precise measurements near the trees.

Just to illustrate when doing a phase measurement, under good HDOP constellation, next to the forest we barely could achieve an accuracy of half meter using Leica 1200. We measured the same reference point using total station and neighboring network of reference points.

For a reference, you could easily get sub 2cm accuracy, although below 10cm was a minimum target for that job.

>If you want to build an early 2000s Garmin competitor, sure. But people don't buy $1,500 pocket computers every 18 months to keep doing the same thing.

Sure, but it isn't a CORE REQUIREMENT for the service to function. you can degrade it, and have it work pretty well, without requiring all users to submit other tracking data sources.

> Sure, but it isn't a CORE REQUIREMENT for the service to function.

Again, you don't know Maps product roadmap. Google is taking its "Next Billion Users" initiative very seriously internally. They might be looking at ways to offer navigation using only a Wifi/Bluetooth chip so they can make Android devices as cheaply as possible.

There is also the possibility that GPS may not be functional in areas Google wants to serve. The US Government blacked out GPS over multiple states during a test. China has satellites that can rip other countries satellites out of the sky. Russia intentionally crashed an old weather satellite into an Iridium satellite just as a weird flex.

The Google product roadmap has absolutely nothing to do with whether Google maps — which we concretely know can function without network assistance — should REQUIRE said network assistance for all users at present. Yah, the results may be better with network assurance, but it should still work with out it.

This sentiment also applies to your second point — if Google wants to get some kind of navigation working without using gps in some niche market categories, that’s fine. But that shouldn’t require me, with the gps module I paid for in my expensive smartphone, to share data with Google that I don’t want them to have and they don’t technically need.

And i as an user utterly do not care about their roadmap. I care about my experience.

That still does not excuse them for requiring access to those data sources, as they can still degrade service when user does not give consent. Also there are multiple networks at the moment(USA's GPS, Russia's GLONASS, China's COMPASS/BEIDOU(forgot which was geostationary system, and which one was global),and EU's Galileo), which makes total blackout of a single area unlikely.

And quite frankly, in case of total blackout we have a bigger problems than civilian GPS navigation.

Watch your step on that slipper slope

I don't have enough experience with the technical challenges of getting a good signal from a phone's tiny GPS antenna inside a vehicle, but that difficulty shouldn't give a company the right to violate privacy. If hardware is limited, make it better or make the limitation clear to the user and let them decide if they want to give extra data to allow a better experience.

We've had good enough navigation in mobile phones for years, why would they suddenly need to make this change now? And why can't I just keep the slightly worse experience if I prefer GPS-only location?

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>But it is essential. Google (and Apple) maps provide lane specific navigation directions, which are really only possible with assisted GPS.

I'm trying very hard to not be sarcastic, but the past 10+ years it was not essential and served me great every time

> But it is essential. Google (and Apple) maps provide lane specific navigation directions, which are really only possible with assisted GPS. In theory GPS has the accuracy, but remember you are in a big metal box filled with electrical wires. Not to mention other applications like isle specific navigation within stores, which is made possible by bluetooth beacons.

Tell me exactly how this bluetooth beacons and WiFi APs will help you to determine the lanes? I did several research projects in this area and RF mapping by indoor beacons for navigating outdoors at vehicular speeds is very hard and unreliable. You don't want to get wrong bearing just because an WiFi AP has been moved to another spot. Nice in theory, BS in practice.

WiFi triangulation is absolutely useless when determining which lane are you on. Your whole comment has been derived from false assumptions.
"But it is essential."

My box full of old TomToms and Garmins guffaws at this patently absurd claim.

>and it also breaches Google Play's developer agreement

Why do you think the Goog's apps are bound to the same terms as other developers? That agreement allows devs use Goog's services.

Of course, though giving yourself an advantage over competitors in a market you control is also illegal, so they should at least try to keep up the appearances.
> giving yourself an advantage over competitors in a market you control is also illegal

Is it? Doesn't seem to be a problem for Apple/Ios.

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I got hit with this pop-up. It is a charade, despite the UI making it feel like a technical requirement.

And here is how I know it is a charade: voice navigation and the map itself both work perfectly in the background of this undismissable pop-up.

This is the most coerced I've felt in a long time and I can't help but feel that maybe iOS users don't feel this way.

>and the least they could do to follow the law is to gracefully degrade the service

They were already doing it and asking us to turn on camera to "better calibrate my location".

They've always been coercive. You've never been able to use GPS passively without Play Services phoning your location home to Google, since the earliest days of Android. They would pop up a confirmation box asking you to agree to data collection, and if you declined, then GPS would remain off. It was a major influence in my decision to never, ever run a Googled Android on my phone. I just can't trust any company with that level of invasive surveillance. It's my line in the sand.
Wow yeah it exits if I click no thanks. I've always kept scanning off.
Google = Garbage. I don't recommend using any of their services. For a maps replacement, I'd recommend OsmAnd or Magic Earth - both available on f-droid.
If you have an iPhone and haven't been using Apple Maps, it's basically on par now with Google Maps for navigation. I hadn't tried Apple Maps for years because of how bad it used to be, and was pleasantly surprised to find the maps are incredibly accurate and turn by turn navigation is rock solid. I haven't touched Google Maps in months, and this post is reminding me that it's time to just uninstall it
It is amazing how long it takes to recover from a rough product roll-out, isn't it?
Apple Maps has better integration with my 2020 Subaru so I switched. It has some features that are more advanced than google, like the voice telling what to do next or advance rather than just immediately before.

It’s still rather bad about explorative searching for businesses/restaurants and getting accurate hours, so sometimes I’ll find a place using google maps and then put it into Apple Maps.

>It’s still rather bad about explorative searching for businesses/restaurants

That it just pipes Yelp results infuriates me every time I deal with it, as I refuse to sign up for Yelp.

So did I! My 2019 Subaru’s OS crashed so many times on Android auto was the reason I switched to iPhone at all.
A little while back my area finally got the Apple Maps 3D visualization update, and I have to say I'm pretty impressed. Took them some time to turn it around, but Apple definitely stepped it up after an awful start.
Apple maps has still been total crap for me outside the US.
Apple Maps is quite good here in New Zealand. I have an Android device and my husband has an iOS device. I have been impressed several times with Apple being able to route to places Google Maps can't. Apple seems to be better at adding new roads etc compared to Google here in New Zealand.
Are you in the US? I've found it pretty ropey in Europe every time I try to ween myself off Google maps.

Another benefit of Apple maps is that it gets preferential treatment from the os in that it appears on the lock screen when navigating (I really wish this api was open to third parties). This is nice for navigation on foot.

I am in the US, yes
iPhones are strictly worse for what OP is complaining about. You cannot get your location at all in any app without enabling WiFi scanning.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21708157

OP's solution of installing another Android maps app is probably the best available option that fits OP's privacy requirements.

When did this change? Last time I had an iOS device it was definitely possible to use GPS without WiFi. If this is a recent regression that is disappointing.
Simply turning off the wifi icon doesn't turn off wifi.
How so?
That only turns off using WiFi for data. If you have location services enabled, which is necessary to get ypur location on iOS, iOS will continue scanning WiFi networks and uploading them to Apple.
This is an odd response to this specific discussion, because Apple removed the user ability to disable wifi scans for location services in iOS 11. If anything, Apple is worse in this specific regard.
What I found is that google maps EXCELS in redirecting past traffic jams and what have you, when driving (cross Europe) and really no other navigation available to me (iPhone) does that even remotely as reliable.

EDIT: Meaning I am able to keep my wheels rolling and do not end up in traffic jams.

Why not Waze then? It's where google buys traffic data anyway. You also get police / speedcam etc locations and reporting.
> I've been using Google Maps a long time

Sunk cost didn't bother me when I uninstalled Google Maps from my phone. Good riddance.

Rather than assume malice, a more charitable and entirely plausible interpretation is that the Google Maps team simply does not test this configuration. A recent change to Google Maps or Android unknowingly broke it, akin to genetic drift. All phones collect MAC addresses from nearby WiFi devices to speed up the initial GPS satellite fix. Apple does this too.
I use Magic Earth. It's not as good but it doesn't spy on me.